本文選題：薛福成 + 出使生涯　； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭掀起了近代中國的帷幕,中國在西方列強(qiáng)堅(jiān)船利炮的驅(qū)趕下,匆匆忙忙地邁進(jìn)了近代社會的門檻,中西關(guān)系、社會形態(tài)都發(fā)生了急劇變化。在這樣的歷史背景下,誕生了一批杰出的思想家、外交家,薛福成就是其中杰出的一位。薛福成是著名的早期維新派思想家,晚清四大使才之一。他曾任曾國藩、李鴻章幕僚達(dá)近二十年之久。后又出使英、法、意、比四國四年之久,期間處理了許多涉外事務(wù),為中國挽回了部分權(quán)益,具有豐富的外交經(jīng)歷。這一切促使他形成了豐富的外交思想。薛福成大部分的外交思想,形成發(fā)展于出使海外四國期間。這是因?yàn)樵诤Ｍ獾乃娝�、親身經(jīng)歷使薛福成更能清晰地分析對比中西方的差距,認(rèn)清清政府存在的種種問題,看到西方合理先進(jìn)的地方；更能切身體會國際規(guī)則、國際慣例的運(yùn)用。出使生涯對薛福成外交思想的影響主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面： 首先,出使生涯與設(shè)領(lǐng)護(hù)僑思想的完善。薛福成在出使途中的所見所聞,更堅(jiān)定其廣泛設(shè)領(lǐng)的決心。他全面分析了設(shè)領(lǐng)護(hù)僑的必要性,以及設(shè)領(lǐng)過程中將會遇到的重重困難,并針對困難,向清政府提出了設(shè)領(lǐng)的策略方案,其設(shè)領(lǐng)思想最終形成。 其次,薛福成在出使期間的種種經(jīng)歷,加深了其對近代國際法的認(rèn)識。薛福成在交涉香港等地設(shè)領(lǐng)、交涉長江流域教案等事件之后,積累了豐富的外交經(jīng)驗(yàn),對國際公法有了全面的認(rèn)識,既看到它的作用,也看到它的局限,認(rèn)清了公法的本質(zhì)。但在當(dāng)時國力衰落的條件下,薛福成主張,只有以國際公法為依歸,才能在一定程度上保護(hù)國家的利益。 最后,出使生涯使薛福成倡導(dǎo)要建立近代外交制度。在西方四國任公使期間,薛福成經(jīng)常與各國元首、各國公使、外部大臣接觸,期間他逐漸認(rèn)識到清政府的外交制度存在種種問題,不符合世界潮流。他主張改革使臣覲見禮儀,主張改進(jìn)外交人員選派制度,為中國近代外交制度的建立作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。 出使生涯加深了薛福成對西方世界的認(rèn)識,更為他的外交思想打開了新思路,推動了其外交思想的發(fā)展成熟。
[Abstract]:The Opium War set off the curtain of modern China. Under the drive of the western powers, China hurriedly stepped into the threshold of modern society, and the relations between China and the West and the social formation all changed dramatically. In this historical background, a group of outstanding thinkers, diplomats and Xue Fu's achievements were born. Xue Fucheng was a famous early reformist thinker and one of the four ambassadors in the late Qing Dynasty. He served as a Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang aide for nearly two decades. Later, Britain, France, Italy, than the four countries for four years, during which many foreign affairs, for China to recover some of their rights and interests, with rich diplomatic experience. All this prompted him to form a rich diplomatic thought. Most of Xue Fucheng's diplomatic thoughts developed during his diplomatic missions to overseas countries. This is because what he has seen and heard overseas has enabled Xue Fucheng to more clearly analyze and contrast the gap between China and the West, to recognize the various problems existing in the Qing government, to see where the West is reasonably advanced, and to be able to experience international rules more directly. The application of international practice The influence of diplomatic career on Xue Fucheng's diplomatic thought is mainly reflected in three aspects: First of all, the career of emissary and the perfection of the thought of protecting overseas Chinese. Xue Fucheng in the way of mission to see and hear, more firm in its determination to set up a wide range of. He comprehensively analyzed the necessity of setting up the overseas Chinese and the difficulties that would be encountered in the process of setting up the overseas Chinese, and put forward the strategic plan to the Qing government, which formed the idea of setting up. Secondly, Xue Fucheng's experiences during his mission deepened his understanding of modern international law. Xue Fucheng has accumulated rich diplomatic experience and comprehensive understanding of public international law after dealing with the establishment of Hong Kong and other places, as well as the case of the Yangtze River Basin. He has not only seen its role, but also its limitations, and clearly recognized the essence of public law. However, under the condition of declining national strength at that time, Xue Fucheng argued that only by taking public international law as the basis could the interests of the country be protected to a certain extent. Finally, the diplomatic career made Xue Fucheng advocate the establishment of modern diplomatic system. During his time as Minister of the four Western countries, Xue Fucheng often contacted the heads of state, foreign ministers and foreign ministers, during which he gradually realized that there were various problems in the diplomatic system of the Qing government, which did not conform to the trend of the world. He advocated the reform of the courtiers' audience etiquette and the improvement of the diplomatic personnel selection system, which made great contributions to the establishment of China's modern diplomatic system. His diplomatic career deepened Xue Fucheng's understanding of the western world, opened new ideas of his diplomatic thought, and promoted the development and maturity of his diplomatic thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K252

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