本文選題：湖南 + 學(xué)術(shù)思想��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末民初是一個整體轉(zhuǎn)型的時代，不惟政治、經(jīng)濟、社會都在這一時期逐漸實現(xiàn)了近代的轉(zhuǎn)型，學(xué)術(shù)思想依然。清代湖南的學(xué)術(shù)以經(jīng)學(xué)為中堅，但發(fā)展到清朝末期，作為官方哲學(xué)的理學(xué)雖在曾國藩等人的大力弘揚之下曾有過回光返照的短暫燦爛，但亦難挽頹勢；古文經(jīng)學(xué)領(lǐng)域雖有王先謙、葉德輝等人在支撐局面，但也漸歸衰落；今文經(jīng)學(xué)打著孔子的旗號興托古改制之風(fēng)在清末湖南可謂盛極一時，但亦最終歸于塵土。作為傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)主體的經(jīng)學(xué)逐漸被歐風(fēng)美雨刮得零落不堪，不得不讓位于西學(xué)這一在當時代表先進生產(chǎn)力的外來文化，向西方學(xué)習(xí)自然而然的便成為那個時代的主題。向西方學(xué)習(xí)，然何者該揚，何者該棄，中、西該以何種比例結(jié)合？這是一個長期困擾中國學(xué)界的問題。清末民初的湖南學(xué)術(shù)就是在這種“全盤西化”、“文化本位”和“文化折衷”的爭論中，半知半覺地實現(xiàn)了它的近代轉(zhuǎn)型。 學(xué)術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型的一面是傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)的衰落，而另一面則是具有現(xiàn)代意義的學(xué)術(shù)興起。轉(zhuǎn)型時期的湖南的學(xué)術(shù)逐漸實現(xiàn)了從傳統(tǒng)的“四部之學(xué)”到“七科之學(xué)”的學(xué)科分類方法的轉(zhuǎn)變。在此基礎(chǔ)之上，湘籍學(xué)人的學(xué)術(shù)研究和學(xué)術(shù)思想亦有了新的變化。這具體表現(xiàn)為哲學(xué)的近代更新、史學(xué)的初步轉(zhuǎn)型、公法律例學(xué)的興起、近代倫理學(xué)的研究和教育學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新建樹等。由于湖南人素具強烈的擔(dān)當精神、敢為人先的開拓精神和心憂天下的愛國精神，因此在面對山河破碎、民生凋零的狀況，他們挺身而出，立志改良人心風(fēng)俗，變革社會政治，以此來尋求一條救國救民的道路。所以在改革方面，他們首先關(guān)注的是社會政治領(lǐng)域，而表現(xiàn)在學(xué)術(shù)的研究上，則是對于西方法律政治社會學(xué)說關(guān)注較多，而對于自然學(xué)科的關(guān)注則相對較少。因此，近代湖南史上少有研究自然科學(xué)的學(xué)者。也正是因為湖南人敢為人先、勇于擔(dān)當?shù)木袷沟媒隙嗾位顒蛹液蛯嵺`家，而少純粹意義上的學(xué)者。學(xué)術(shù)研究與政治活動緊密結(jié)合，這也是轉(zhuǎn)型時期湖南學(xué)術(shù)的一個顯著特點。這一方面有利于推動學(xué)術(shù)和政治都向著一個新的方向發(fā)展，但另一方面也因這種學(xué)術(shù)研究的強烈政治意圖使得它自身的獨立性受到一定的擠壓，反過來不利于真正意義上的現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)的建立。因此，雖然清末民初的湖南學(xué)術(shù)思想實現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)的近代轉(zhuǎn)變，，但由于時代的限制、學(xué)者自身因素等種種原因，這一時期的湖南學(xué)術(shù)思想還只是實現(xiàn)了一個初步的轉(zhuǎn)型，思想和學(xué)說仍不成熟。當然，用發(fā)展的眼光來看，這也是學(xué)術(shù)思想生發(fā)過程中難免存在的問題。所以，不可忽視清末民初湖南學(xué)術(shù)思想轉(zhuǎn)型的對于溝通傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)與現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)的意義。它是學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展史上不可或缺的一環(huán)，對于目前處于深度轉(zhuǎn)型時期的中國有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were an era of overall transformation, not only in politics, economy, and society, but also in modern times. In the Qing Dynasty, the scholars of Hunan took Confucian classics as the backbone, but at the end of Qing Dynasty, although Neo-Confucianism, as the official philosophy, was carried forward by Zeng Guofan and others, there was a brief and brilliant reflection, but it was also difficult to bring down the trend of decline. Although Wang Xianqian, Ye Dehui and others are supporting the situation in the field of ancient literature and classics, they are also gradually returning to decline. The style of reform of the ancient system in Hunan in the late Qing Dynasty was very popular in the late Qing Dynasty, but it was finally returned to dust. As a traditional academic subject, the Confucian classics was gradually blown to pieces by the European wind and rain, and had to give way to the western culture, which represented the advanced productive forces at that time, and learning from the West naturally became the theme of that era. Learn from the West, but what should be promoted, which should be abandoned, in what proportion, the West should be combined? This is a long-term problem puzzling the Chinese academic circles. In the debate of "total westernization", "cultural standard" and "cultural compromise", Hunan academic in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China realized its modern transformation with half knowledge and half awareness. One side of academic transformation is the decline of traditional learning, while the other is the rise of academic with modern significance. In the period of transition, the academic of Hunan gradually realized the change from the traditional study of four parts to the study of seven branches of science. On this basis, the academic research and academic thought of Hunan scholars also have new changes. This is embodied in the modern renewal of philosophy, the initial transformation of historiography, the rise of public law and case studies, the study of modern ethics and the establishment of new trees in the field of pedagogy. Because of the strong spirit of responsibility, the pioneering spirit and the patriotic spirit of worrying about the world, the Huannan people stood up in the face of the broken mountains and rivers and the people's livelihood, determined to improve the customs of the people and transform the society and politics. In this way to find a way to save the nation and save the people. Therefore, in the aspect of reform, their first concern is the social and political field, and the academic research shows that they pay more attention to the western theory of legal political sociology, but less to the natural discipline. Therefore, there are few scholars studying natural science in modern Hunan history. It is precisely because of the courage of the Hunan people to be the first, the spirit of modern Hunan political activists and practitioners, but less pure scholars. The close combination of academic research and political activities is also a remarkable characteristic of Hunan academic in the transitional period. On the one hand, this is conducive to promoting academic and political development in a new direction, but on the other hand, because of the strong political intention of this kind of academic research, its own independence has been squeezed to a certain extent. In turn, it is not conducive to the establishment of modern learning in the true sense. Therefore, although the Hunan academic thought in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China realized the modern transformation of traditional academic thought, due to the limitation of the times and the factors of scholars themselves, the Hunan academic thought of this period has only realized a preliminary transformation. Ideas and doctrines are still immature. Of course, from the point of view of development, this is also an inevitable problem in the process of academic thought. Therefore, the transformation of Hunan's academic thought in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China should not be ignored. It is an indispensable link in the history of academic development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號：1891510