本文選題：國民黨 + 干部��； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：辛亥革命推翻了幾千的封建王朝,使中國政治從皇權(quán)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向黨權(quán),在這個社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期,中國先進(jìn)的知識分子們都在尋求挽救中國,實(shí)現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)的方案。作為當(dāng)時中國政治舞臺上的主流,國民黨也在這一時期,發(fā)生了巨大的改變。 為求革命之勝利與完成國家統(tǒng)一,國民黨領(lǐng)袖孫中山以三民主義為體,俄共組織為用,對中國國民黨進(jìn)行了改組,使改組后的國民黨由原來的一個只擁有少數(shù)精英分子的政黨走向了一個擁有眾多群眾基礎(chǔ)、富有政治整合能力的政黨。為了適應(yīng)國民黨改組的需要,在蘇俄和中國共產(chǎn)黨的幫助下,國民黨進(jìn)行了改組后第一次大規(guī)模的干部訓(xùn)練。首先是建立黃埔軍校,以軍事訓(xùn)練和政治思想教育為主,為國共兩黨培養(yǎng)了大批優(yōu)秀的軍事干部;其次,在國民黨的名義下,在中執(zhí)會下設(shè)各部,對民眾進(jìn)行分散的訓(xùn)練,由于國民黨對下層民眾運(yùn)動的忽視,共產(chǎn)黨在其中對干部訓(xùn)練起了主導(dǎo)作用。訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果,使國民黨喪失了對民眾運(yùn)動的主導(dǎo)權(quán),而整個訓(xùn)練處于一種分散狀態(tài)。 孫中山逝世后,蔣介石破壞國共合作的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,進(jìn)行了清黨,國民黨成立了培養(yǎng)干部的中央訓(xùn)練部,以因應(yīng)清黨后干部的需要。整個訓(xùn)練形成了以中央訓(xùn)練部為中心,對民眾、黨員、童子軍等進(jìn)行分散訓(xùn)練的模式。但是中央訓(xùn)練部并沒有擔(dān)負(fù)起干部訓(xùn)練的重責(zé),空有理論,而無實(shí)際的運(yùn)作成效,反而在這一時期,由于對三民主義的曲解,造成了國民黨民眾基礎(chǔ)的缺失;而黨員干部的訓(xùn)練無力,造成了軍權(quán)的崛起。 面對國內(nèi)外的形勢,蔣介石提出了“攘外必先安內(nèi)”的口號,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治的政治利益,蔣介石對共產(chǎn)黨實(shí)行了五次“圍剿”,同時對國民黨軍官進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的訓(xùn)練,相繼開辦了“北路剿匪軍官訓(xùn)練團(tuán)”、“廬山陸軍軍官訓(xùn)練團(tuán)”、“峨眉山軍官訓(xùn)練團(tuán)”,使國民黨的干部訓(xùn)練走向了集中的模式。鑒于第五次“圍剿”取得的成果,蔣介石成立了“廬山暑期訓(xùn)練團(tuán)”,將軍官訓(xùn)練的模式援引到一般的黨政干部訓(xùn)練上,使國民黨的干部訓(xùn)練逐漸趨于“中央化”。 面對國內(nèi)外抗日情緒的高漲,國民黨不得不采取一定的措施以因應(yīng)局勢,為了抗戰(zhàn)建國的需要,開辦了大型集中的黨政軍干部訓(xùn)練團(tuán)——中央訓(xùn)練團(tuán),使訓(xùn)練實(shí)現(xiàn)了“中央化”、“一元化”。但是其訓(xùn)練的目的只是為了讓國民黨的中高級干部掌握“一般的常識”和“辦事的能力”,其訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容重精神教育,期以此統(tǒng)一國民黨干部的意志,培養(yǎng)成三民主義的忠實(shí)信徒和徹底奉行命令之戰(zhàn)士,最終使訓(xùn)練走向失敗。 自1924年國民黨改組至抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利,國民黨經(jīng)歷了四個時期的干部訓(xùn)練,其訓(xùn)練模式從分散逐漸走向集中,走向“中央化”、“一元化”;訓(xùn)練對象從一般的民眾工作人員到軍官最終擴(kuò)及到全國的中高級黨政干部,訓(xùn)練機(jī)構(gòu)也由軍校、一般的“訓(xùn)練班”、“講習(xí)所”發(fā)展到了培訓(xùn)數(shù)千人以上,大型集中的“中央訓(xùn)練團(tuán)”,整個訓(xùn)練模式呈現(xiàn)出自下而上的趨勢。整個國民黨的干部訓(xùn)練在蔣介石一黨專政的思想下,逐步喪失了民眾基礎(chǔ),取而代之的是軍權(quán)的崛起,使軍權(quán)凌駕與黨權(quán)之下,使三民主義的意識形態(tài)逐步走向了抽象化、模糊化,最終成為蔣介石謀取政治利益的空頭口號。
[Abstract]:The Revolution of 1911 overthrew thousands of feudal dynasties so that China ' s politics gradually shifted from the imperial power to the party ' s right . During this period of social transformation , Chinese advanced intellectuals sought to save China and realize the country ' s strong program . As the mainstream in the political arena at that time , the Kuomintang also had a great change in this period .


With the help of the Communist Party of Russia and the Communist Party of China , the Kuomintang carried out the first large - scale training of cadres after the restructuring of the Kuomintang leader , Sun Yat - sen , with the help of the Communist Party of Russia and the Communist Party of China .


After the death of Sun Yat - sen , Chiang Kai - shek destroyed the united front of Kuomintang - Communist co - operation , carried out the Qing Party , the Kuomintang established the central training department of training cadres , in order to meet the needs of the post - party cadres . However , the central training department has not taken the responsibility of training of cadres and has no practical operation results , but in this period , the lack of the foundation of the Kuomintang people is caused by the misinterpretations of the Three People ' s Principles ; and the training of the cadres of the Party members is weak , which has resulted in the rise of the military power .


In the light of the situation at home and abroad , Chiang Kai - shek put forward the slogan of " The Innate and Innate " . In order to realize the political interests of his own dictatorship , Chiang Kai - shek has carried out five " campaigns and suppression " against the Communist Party . At the same time , Chiang Kai - shek has carried out a large - scale training to the Communist Party of China . In the light of the results achieved in the Fifth Round , Chiang Kai - shek has set up the " Mountain Summer Training Mission " . In view of the results achieved in the fifth " campaign and suppression " , Chiang Kai - shek has set up the " Mountain Summer Training Mission " , and has invoked the pattern of officer training to the training of the general party and political cadres , making the training of the cadres of the Kuomintang gradually tending to " centralize " .


In the face of the high - rise of anti - Japanese sentiment at home and abroad , the Kuomintang has to take certain measures to respond to the situation . In order to meet the needs of the nation - building , the Kuomintang has set up a large set of cadres training regiment of the party and government army , which has made the training achieve " centralization " and " one - way " . However , the aim of the training is to make the middle - level cadres of the Kuomintang ( KMT ) master " general common sense " and " ability of handling " .


From 1924 , the Kuomintang was reorganized into the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan . The Kuomintang has experienced four periods of cadre training . The training mode of the Kuomintang has gradually moved towards the middle of the whole country from the general public worker to the officer , and the training institution has developed from the general public worker to the officer finally to the middle - level party and government officials of the whole country . The training institution has gradually lost the public foundation from the general public worker to the military officer , and the whole training mode has taken up the bottom - up trend . The whole Kuomintang cadres train the ideology of Chiang Kai - shek ' s party dictatorship and gradually move towards the abstraction and blurring , and finally become the empty slogan of Chiang Kai - shek ' s political interests .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K258

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉文治 ,劉必強(qiáng);廣州農(nóng)民運(yùn)動講習(xí)所回憶片段[J];文史天地;2003年12期

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