本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時期 + 保險業(yè)��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：一九七七年七月七日,盧溝橋事變的爆發(fā)拉開了中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭的序幕。中國的大部分地區(qū)都是處在戰(zhàn)火的硝煙彌漫下,經(jīng)濟方面也被侵略者所控制。以上海為中心的保險業(yè)在這時也是隨著南京國民政府的西遷轉(zhuǎn)移到重慶。重慶地區(qū)的保險業(yè)也是在經(jīng)歷了之前的萌芽階段,形成階段以后,進入了發(fā)展階段。 雖然受到戰(zhàn)爭的影響,但是由于重慶地區(qū)偏居西南一隅,天然的地理優(yōu)勢使得保險業(yè)在重慶的發(fā)展又迎來了新的篇章。中國古代的保險思想和賑濟措施為國民時期尤其是抗戰(zhàn)時期重慶地區(qū)的保險業(yè)奠定了牢固的基礎,再加上當時中國的先進知識分子對西方保險思想的不斷傳播,使我國的保險業(yè)發(fā)展既有西方保險的框架,又有民族保險的內(nèi)容。 本文主要是研究抗戰(zhàn)時期的重慶地區(qū)保險業(yè)發(fā)展概況。國民政府遷都重慶后,不僅將重慶定位為大后方的政治中心,同樣也是經(jīng)濟的中心。保險業(yè)在抗戰(zhàn)前也經(jīng)歷了一段發(fā)展的時期,當時的保險機構(gòu)大多數(shù)是由外商資本投資建立的,但是國民政府西遷以后,為了更好的控制后方經(jīng)濟的命脈,國民政府決定投資開辦新的保險機構(gòu)。而當時的中央信托局的保險部(產(chǎn)物保險處和人壽保險處)就是國民政府主要投資籌辦的,不僅如此,由國民政府籌辦的保險機構(gòu)還有中國產(chǎn)物保險公司、中國人壽保險公司、郵政儲金匯業(yè)局、資源委員會保險事務所、太平洋產(chǎn)物保險公司和中國農(nóng)業(yè)保險公司等八家機構(gòu)。而地方政府投資的保險機構(gòu)相對就比較少,只有在少數(shù)省份出現(xiàn)。 官辦保險公司雖然在后方保險業(yè)中占據(jù)著主要的位置,但是抗戰(zhàn)時期的保險市場中也有一些民辦保險機構(gòu)的存在。這些保險機構(gòu)主要是由金融界或者工商界的人士投辦的,但是由于政治環(huán)境的復雜以及民辦保險機構(gòu)的力量弱小,這些保險機構(gòu)利用各種方法來招攬業(yè)務,一度使抗戰(zhàn)時期的保險市場出現(xiàn)過激烈競爭的現(xiàn)象。 在當時的情況下,還有一類特殊形式的保險組織,就是民安保險公司,它代表著共產(chǎn)黨在分析當時的保險市場形勢以后,正確地執(zhí)行黨的抗日統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線政策的結(jié)果。外商保險勢力在抗戰(zhàn)后方的保險業(yè)中逐漸地衰退,而在農(nóng)村卻興起了一些保險合作組織,來對農(nóng)民的家畜進行承保。 后方保險機構(gòu)不斷形成的過程中,也出現(xiàn)了一些特定時期的特殊保險種類。大后方的保險業(yè)除了辦理一般的財產(chǎn)保險和人壽保險以外,還有應戰(zhàn)爭而開辦的戰(zhàn)時運輸兵險和陸地兵險。戰(zhàn)時兵險的創(chuàng)辦為國民政府內(nèi)遷和后方經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展都起到了良好的效果。為了適應人民的生活需要,川江鹽運保險業(yè)應運而生,為了能夠保證鹽運保險的順利開展,川鹽銀行保險部還創(chuàng)辦了水上防災防損的查證措施。這些特殊時期的保險種類豐富了抗戰(zhàn)時期重慶保險業(yè),也從一定程度上顯示了重慶保險業(yè)的發(fā)展。 這一時期政府根據(jù)經(jīng)濟的需要,制定了相關的政策和法規(guī)來對保險業(yè)進行監(jiān)管,《戰(zhàn)時保險業(yè)管理辦法》及其實施細則就是大后方保險業(yè)的保險基本法,而且根據(jù)這部“基本法”的規(guī)定,國民政府還制定了《水險保險單基本條款》、《火險保險單基本條款》及《人壽保險單基本條款》,這些保險法規(guī)共同構(gòu)成了抗戰(zhàn)時期重慶保險機構(gòu)的行為規(guī)范。國民政府還通過保險公會來對保險機構(gòu)進行監(jiān)督和管理。 總體來說抗戰(zhàn)時期重慶的保險業(yè)經(jīng)歷了從繁榮到逐漸衰退的過程,在日本投降以后,保險業(yè)的中心又轉(zhuǎn)移到了上海。但是抗戰(zhàn)時期重慶保險業(yè)還是具有一定的歷史價值的,雖然沒有繼續(xù)繁榮地發(fā)展下去,但還是在民國時期的保險業(yè)開展過程中起著承前啟后的作用,為建國后的保險業(yè)打下了一定的基礎,開拓了新的保險歷史章程。
[Abstract]:On July 7 , 1987 , the outbreak of the Lukouchiao Incident opened the curtain of China ' s War of Resistance Against Japan . Most of China ' s areas are under fire and economic aspects are controlled by the invaders . In this case , the insurance industry in Shanghai is also being transferred to Chongqing along with the west of the Nanjing National Government . The insurance industry in Chongqing is also in the development stage after the formation stage .

Despite the influence of the war , the natural geographical advantage has brought a new chapter in the development of the insurance industry in Chongqing . The ancient Chinese insurance thoughts and relief measures laid a solid foundation for the insurance industry in Chongqing during the national period , especially in the period of the Anti - Japanese War .

This paper is mainly about the development of insurance industry in Chongqing during the period of Anti - Japanese War . After the national government moved to Chongqing , not only Chongqing was located as the political center behind the big rear , but also the center of the economy . The insurance industry also experienced a period of development before the War of Resistance . At that time , in order to better control the life of the rear economy , the National Government decided to invest in the establishment of the new insurance institution . The insurance company , which was then organized by the National Government , had eight institutions , such as China Product Insurance Company , China Life Insurance Company , Postal Savings Exchange Bureau , Resource Board Insurance Office , Pacific Products Insurance Company and China Agricultural Insurance Company . The insurance institutions invested by local governments were relatively few , only in a few provinces .

Although the government insurance companies occupy the main position in the rear insurance industry , there are also some private insurance institutions in the insurance market in the anti - war period . These insurance institutions are mainly invested by the financial or business people , but because of the complexity of the political environment and the weak power of the private insurance institutions , these insurance institutions use various methods to solicit business , which once made the insurance market in the anti - war period to have fierce competition .

At that time , there was also a kind of special kind of insurance organization , which is the People ' s Insurance Company , which represents the result of the Party ' s anti - Japanese united front policy after analyzing the current insurance market situation . The foreign insurance forces gradually declined in the insurance industry behind the anti - war , and some insurance cooperative organizations have emerged in the countryside to cover the farmers ' livestock .

In addition to the general property insurance and life insurance , the insurance industry in the rear has a good effect to the development of the movement and the rear economy of the National Government . In order to meet the needs of the people ' s life , the Sichuan salt transport insurance industry has also established a water disaster prevention and damage prevention measure . The insurance types in these special periods enrich the insurance industry in Chongqing during the period of anti - war , and also show the development of Chongqing insurance industry to some extent .

In this period , according to the needs of the economy , the relevant policies and regulations have been formulated to regulate the insurance industry .

In general , the insurance industry in Chongqing has experienced the process from prosperity to decline . After the surrender of Japan , the center of the insurance industry has shifted to Shanghai . However , the insurance industry in Chongqing has a certain historical value , although it has not continued to flourish . However , it has played an important role in the insurance industry during the period of the Republic of China . It has laid a foundation for the insurance industry after the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , and opened up new articles of insurance history .

【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K265

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