本文選題：孫中山 + 越南華僑　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：越南是一個(gè)華僑華人較多的國(guó)家。進(jìn)入越南的中國(guó)移民,與中國(guó)一直保持著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系。自古以來(lái),越南就和中國(guó)關(guān)系密切,深受中國(guó)儒家文化影響。對(duì)于越南華僑華人群體而言,目前學(xué)界關(guān)于越南華僑的研究,習(xí)慣于把它從越南政體歷史中分割出來(lái)。如他們對(duì)越南各個(gè)時(shí)期華人政策的論述頗為詳盡,分析也頗具深度,但卻普遍缺乏宏觀視角和理論探討。越南學(xué)者主要傾向于從越南社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展角度探討華人經(jīng)濟(jì)的地位,以及華人族群與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)的關(guān)系等問(wèn)題,但迄今為止,似未曾有越南華僑與辛亥革命之間關(guān)系研究的專門論著問(wèn)世。因此,對(duì)于越南華僑與辛亥革命之間關(guān)系的研究,是一個(gè)有待開(kāi)發(fā)的新課題。在本文當(dāng)中,我們將努力站在越南華僑立場(chǎng)上,把越南華僑作為研究對(duì)象,全面深入地研究越南華僑與辛亥革命的相互關(guān)系問(wèn)題。在系統(tǒng)梳理辛亥革命時(shí)期越南華僑思想演變脈絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上,擬嘗試從宏觀層面對(duì)辛亥革命過(guò)程中的一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,如越中關(guān)系、越南華僑以及越南人民與孫中山之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,以期對(duì)越南華人研究有所補(bǔ)益。同時(shí)冀望進(jìn)行越南華僑與辛亥革命關(guān)系的專題研究,以增強(qiáng)越南華僑史和辛亥革命史研究的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。本文運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)的理論與方法,以文獻(xiàn)分析和實(shí)證分析為基礎(chǔ),適度運(yùn)用國(guó)際關(guān)系、外交學(xué)理論與方法,對(duì)中、法、越的三邊關(guān)系展開(kāi)詮釋,構(gòu)建越南華僑與辛亥革命關(guān)系之真實(shí)歷史場(chǎng)景,以對(duì)此進(jìn)行一定深度的學(xué)理探討與深刻思考。 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容是： 一是,依據(jù)前人研究成果,進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充新材料,介紹在辛亥革命之前,特別是法國(guó)統(tǒng)治越南時(shí)期,越南華僑的基本情況、社會(huì)地位和對(duì)越南經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)。從分析華僑移居越南的歷史背景、原因、華僑構(gòu)成、華僑華人對(duì)越南社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的貢獻(xiàn)、越南當(dāng)?shù)卣畬?duì)華僑華人的政策等方面入手,論述辛亥革命前越南的華僑華人社會(huì),探討辛亥革命之前對(duì)越南華人政策演變的脈絡(luò),并擬嘗試從宏觀上對(duì)演變過(guò)程中的一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題做出歷史性透視,進(jìn)而對(duì)越中關(guān)系、越南人民以及越南華僑本地化進(jìn)程與華人政策之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探討。 二是,根據(jù)豐富的中文、越文、法文文獻(xiàn)資料,尤其是越南檔案館的原始文獻(xiàn),試圖運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)的理論與方法,對(duì)中、法、越的三邊關(guān)系開(kāi)展實(shí)證分析,為主題論證提供一個(gè)客觀環(huán)境,藉以深刻考察辛亥革命前孫中山與越南華僑的關(guān)系,并重建越南華僑和孫中山、同盟會(huì)之間互動(dòng)關(guān)系的主要史實(shí)。孫中山長(zhǎng)期在越南華僑中開(kāi)展革命活動(dòng),啟迪越南華僑的革命覺(jué)悟,增進(jìn)越南華僑的愛(ài)國(guó)凝聚力,為提升越南華僑在近代民主革命史上的地位作出了極大努力。廣大越南華僑志士由愛(ài)國(guó)走向革命,追隨孫中山進(jìn)行革命,多方位支持孫氏的革命救國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)。研究辛亥革命前孫中山在國(guó)內(nèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)越南華僑影響這一問(wèn)題,不僅可以豐富我們對(duì)孫中山革命思想和革命活動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí),還能深刻了解孫中山在與越南華僑接觸和交往過(guò)程中雙方的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。這種互動(dòng)關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)在：孫中山以自己鮮明的個(gè)性和魅力,喚起了越南華僑的民族愛(ài)國(guó)主義意識(shí),調(diào)動(dòng)了廣大愛(ài)國(guó)華僑的革命積極性,為“華僑是中國(guó)革命之母”提供了令人嘆服的歷史見(jiàn)證。而越南華僑革命態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變、思想覺(jué)悟的提高,以及對(duì)孫中山革命事業(yè)的積極支持,使得孫中山從中受到啟發(fā)和鼓舞,以致于他在辛亥革命后期改變起義計(jì)劃,轉(zhuǎn)移了同盟會(huì)活動(dòng)中心和籌款依靠對(duì)象,使越南一度成為革命的大本營(yíng)和策源地。由此可見(jiàn),對(duì)越南華僑的積極爭(zhēng)取,無(wú)疑為孫中山的革命事業(yè)莫定了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和群眾基礎(chǔ)。但是,孫中山在喚起華僑民族意識(shí),激發(fā)華僑革命熱情過(guò)程中,過(guò)高估計(jì)了越南華僑的革命力量,不切實(shí)際地向越南華僑提出過(guò)多經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的要求,同時(shí)又持續(xù)不斷地組織軍事行動(dòng),這在一定程度上不僅影響了華僑革命黨人的積極性,而且客觀上也影響了辛亥革命的進(jìn)程。 三是,筆者試圖從越南華僑對(duì)孫中山革命事業(yè)的積極支持和參與,以及對(duì)于越南華僑所表現(xiàn)出的眾志成城、共赴國(guó)難、積極支援革命事業(yè),且不甘人后的令人感奮的實(shí)例的簡(jiǎn)要記述,略窺越南華僑積極支持和參與孫中山的辛亥革命,并為其做出多方面貢獻(xiàn)的事跡,充分論述和展現(xiàn)越南華僑的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神。鑒于對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題過(guò)去相關(guān)研究不多的情況,在本文當(dāng)中,筆者將圍繞越南華僑在辛亥革命中的地位與作用這一主線展開(kāi)論述,從而使孫中山與越南華僑間這段重要的歷史事跡能夠得以真切而生動(dòng)地彰顯于世。為此,筆者參閱了大量文獻(xiàn)資料,用兩個(gè)章節(jié)討論以上問(wèn)題,并對(duì)越南華僑組織、輿論陣地的興起、發(fā)展演變、內(nèi)部機(jī)制以及在辛亥革命中的地位與作用都作了深入的研究分析。 對(duì)于以上內(nèi)容,筆者主要從以下幾方面加以論述：1、辛亥革命促使越南華僑更加積極地支持祖國(guó)革命與建設(shè)；促進(jìn)越南華僑的聯(lián)合與團(tuán)結(jié)；有力地推動(dòng)了華僑文化教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展；廣泛地傳播了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)新思想。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為這幾方面的影響是在越南華僑增強(qiáng)民族意識(shí)和愛(ài)國(guó)觀念的作用下產(chǎn)生的,而且確實(shí)也增強(qiáng)了越南華僑的民族意識(shí)和愛(ài)國(guó)觀念。這是辛亥革命對(duì)越南華僑社會(huì)最重大深遠(yuǎn)的影響。2、強(qiáng)調(diào)了中國(guó)辛亥革命取得勝利對(duì)越南在政治上、思想上、組織上、行動(dòng)上的巨大影響。武昌起義直接鼓舞了越南解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)展,筆者對(duì)此提出了自己的獨(dú)到見(jiàn)解,那就是孫中山的革命理論實(shí)際上也積極影響了一批越南愛(ài)國(guó)者,如潘佩珠和胡志明。他們?cè)趯O中山革命理論指導(dǎo)下,積極尋找救國(guó)之路,將中國(guó)革命實(shí)踐的理論應(yīng)用于越南,指導(dǎo)越南的革命斗爭(zhēng)。3、文章盡可能廣泛地考察了孫中山及其辛亥革命運(yùn)動(dòng)與越南的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為越南華僑與孫中山的關(guān)系不單純是兩者之間的關(guān)系,而是將這種越、中兩國(guó)的歷史關(guān)系放在越南所處的國(guó)際環(huán)境中加以把握。由于篇幅所限,本文盡量壓縮了孫中山在越南開(kāi)展革命活動(dòng)的歷史背景,如：越中近代關(guān)系以及孫中山運(yùn)動(dòng)自身變遷的記述。 由于史料限制等原因,越南華僑與辛亥革命的研究還存在不足,但希望本項(xiàng)課題能對(duì)此做出一點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)。這個(gè)課題不僅對(duì)越南華僑史的研究,而且對(duì)辛亥革命、中國(guó)革命史和越中關(guān)系的研究都做了多側(cè)面、多角度的考察,同時(shí)對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究歷史與現(xiàn)狀都給予了關(guān)注。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),本文或可為越南華僑史的研究,辛亥革命史、中國(guó)革命史、越中關(guān)系的研究提供某些便利,對(duì)中國(guó)近代史的教學(xué)和研究也會(huì)具有一定的參考作用。由于篇幅限制,對(duì)眾多研究成果亦不可能廣為介紹,對(duì)重要的研究成果也無(wú)法詳加評(píng)說(shuō)；另外局限于個(gè)人研究水平,本文在文章取舍、成果推介、論點(diǎn)引述、內(nèi)容陳述及論文目錄的搜集整理分類等方面,均難免存在缺點(diǎn)或錯(cuò)誤,切望讀者指點(diǎn)匡正。 總之,筆者希望通過(guò)本文的研究,能更有利于完善越南華僑史、越中關(guān)系的評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制,更有利于對(duì)越中近現(xiàn)代史的復(fù)雜性作出新的理解與解釋。
[Abstract]:Vietnam is a country with many overseas Chinese. Chinese immigrants entering Vietnam have been closely linked with China. Since ancient times, Vietnam has been closely related to China and has been deeply influenced by Chinese Confucian culture. For the Vietnamese Chinese and Chinese, the study of Vietnamese overseas Chinese is used to take it from the Vietnamese regime. However, the Vietnamese scholars tend to discuss the status of the Chinese economy and the relationship between the Chinese ethnic group and the local society, as well as the relationship between the Chinese ethnic group and the local society, but the Vietnamese scholars are mainly inclined to discuss the status of the Chinese economy and the relationship between the Chinese ethnic group and the local society. So far, there seems to be no special treatise on the relationship between the Vietnamese Chinese and the 1911 Revolution. Therefore, the study of the relationship between the Vietnamese overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution is a new topic to be developed. In this article, we will try to stand on the Vietnamese Chinese position and take the Vietnamese overseas Chinese as the research object, and make a comprehensive and in-depth study. The relationship between the overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution in Vietnam is discussed. On the basis of the systematic review of the evolution of the thought evolution of the Vietnamese Chinese in the 1911 Revolution, some key problems in the process of the 1911 Revolution, such as the Sino Vietnamese relations, the Vietnamese Chinese and the internal relations between the Vietnamese people and Sun Zhongshan, are discussed. In order to make up for the study of Vietnamese Chinese, we hope to carry out a special study on the relationship between the overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution in order to strengthen the weak link of the history of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese and the history of the 1911 Revolution. The interpretation of the relationship between the three sides of China, the law and the more, the real historical scene of the relationship between the Vietnamese Chinese and the 1911 Revolution was constructed to carry out a deep study and deep thinking.
The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, according to the achievements of previous studies, we should further supplement the new materials and introduce the basic situation, social status and contribution to Vietnam's economy and society before the revolution of 1911, especially in the period of the rule of France in Vietnam, and the historical background of the migration of overseas Chinese to Vietnam, the reasons, the overseas Chinese, the Chinese and Chinese and the social and economic culture of Vietnam. To contribute, the Vietnamese local government's policy on Chinese and overseas Chinese, discuss the Chinese Chinese society before the 1911 Revolution and discuss the evolution of the Vietnamese Chinese policy before the 1911 Revolution, and try to make a historical perspective on the key issues in the evolution process from the macro perspective, and then to the Vietnamese people. The relationship between localization process of Vietnamese overseas Chinese and Chinese policy is discussed.
The two is, according to the rich Chinese, Vietnamese, French documents, especially the original documents of the Vietnamese archives, try to use the theory and method of history to carry out an empirical analysis of the relationship between the Chinese, the law and the more the three sides, to provide an objective environment for the theme demonstration, so as to deeply investigate the relationship between Sun Zhongshan and the Vietnamese in Vietnam before the 1911 Revolution and rebuild it. The main historical facts of the interaction between the Vietnamese Chinese and the overseas Chinese and Sun Zhongshan and the Alliance Association. Sun Zhongshan carried out the revolutionary activities among the Vietnamese overseas Chinese for a long time, enlightened the revolutionary consciousness of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, promoted the patriotic cohesion of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, and made great efforts to improve the position of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese in the history of modern democratic revolution. Patriotism went to the revolution, followed Sun Zhongshan to carry out the revolution and supported sun's revolutionary national struggle in many directions. The study of the influence of Sun Zhongshan on the Vietnamese Chinese before the 1911 Revolution not only enriched our understanding of Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary thoughts and revolutionary activities, but also deeply understood Sun Zhongshan's contact and exchange with the Vietnamese overseas Chinese. The interaction relationship between the two parties in the process is mainly manifested in the following: Sun Zhongshan arouses the national patriotism consciousness of the Vietnamese Chinese, arouses the revolutionary enthusiasm of the patriotic Chinese and overseas Chinese, and provides an impressive historical witness for "the overseas Chinese is the mother of the Chinese revolution". The change of life attitude, the improvement of ideological consciousness and the positive support to Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary cause made Sun Zhongshan inspire and inspire him, so that he changed the plan of uprisings in the late 1911 Revolution, transferred the center of the alliance and the fundraising object, and made Vietnam a revolutionary base and source. The active struggle for the Vietnamese Chinese is undoubtedly the material basis and the mass basis for Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary cause. However, Sun Zhongshan overestimated the revolutionary forces of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese in the process of arousing the ethnic consciousness of the overseas Chinese and arousing the revolutionary enthusiasm of the overseas Chinese, and unrealistic demands for the economic and other aspects of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, and at the same time The continuous organization of military action, to a certain extent, not only affects the enthusiasm of the Chinese Revolution Party members, but also objectively affects the progress of the revolution of 1911.
Three, the author tries to give a brief account of the positive support and participation of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese in the revolutionary cause of Sun Zhongshan, as well as a brief account of the national difficulties, the revolutionary cause, and the inspiring examples of the oversea Chinese, which are shown by the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, and a brief glimpse of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese to actively support and participate in the 1911 Revolution of Sun Zhongshan. In this paper, the author will discuss the importance of the status and role of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese in the 1911 Revolution, so that the importance of Sun Zhongshan and the overseas Chinese in Vietnam will be discussed in this paper. The historical facts can be vividly and vividly shown in the world. For this reason, I have read a lot of documents and discussed the above problems in two chapters, and made an in-depth study and analysis of the rise, evolution, internal mechanism and the position and role of the overseas Chinese overseas Chinese, the rise of the position of public opinion, the development and evolution, the internal mechanism and the revolution of 1911.
In the following aspects, the author mainly discusses the following aspects: 1, the revolution of 1911 prompted the Vietnamese Chinese to support the revolution and construction of the motherland more actively; promote the Union and unity of the overseas Chinese in Vietnam; vigorously promoted the development of the Chinese cultural and educational undertakings; and widely spread the new bourgeois ideas. On this basis, it is believed that The influence of these aspects is produced by the Vietnamese Chinese to strengthen their national consciousness and patriotism, and indeed enhance the national consciousness and patriotism of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese. This is the most profound and far-reaching influence of the 1911 Revolution on the Vietnamese Chinese society,.2, which emphasizes the political and ideological of the victory of the revolution of 1911 to Vietnam. The great influence on organization and action. The Wuchang uprising directly inspired the movement of the liberation movement of Vietnam. The author put forward his own opinion, that is, Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary theory has actually influenced a number of Vietnamese patriots, such as Pan Peizhu and Hu Zhiming. They are actively seeking to save the country under the guidance of Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary theory. The road, applying the theory of Chinese revolutionary practice to Vietnam, directs the revolutionary struggle of Vietnam.3. The article examines the relationship between Sun Zhongshan and his 1911 revolutionary movement and Vietnam as far as possible. The relationship between the Vietnamese Chinese and Sun Zhongshan is not simply the relationship between the two, but the historical relationship between the two countries is placed in Vietnam. Because of the limit of the space, this article tries to compress the historical background of Sun Zhongshan's revolutionary activities in Vietnam, such as the relationship between the Vietnam and the modern times and the account of the change of Sun Zhongshan's movement.
Because of the limitation of historical materials, the study of the Vietnamese Chinese and the 1911 Revolution is still inadequate, but it is hoped that this topic can make a contribution to this. This topic is not only a study of the history of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, but also the research of the 1911 Revolution, the Chinese revolution history and the relationship between the Vietnam and the China. In this sense, this article may provide some convenience for the study of the history of the Vietnamese overseas Chinese, the history of the 1911 Revolution, the history of the Chinese revolution and the relationship between the Vietnam and the Vietnam. It will also have a certain reference for the teaching and research of the modern history of China. For the introduction, the important research results can not be described in detail. In addition, limited to the level of personal research, this article will inevitably have shortcomings and mistakes in the collection and selection of the article, the introduction of the results, the introduction of the argument, the collection and sorting of the contents of the paper and the catalogue of the papers.
In a word, the author hopes that through this study, it is more conducive to the improvement of the history of Vietnamese overseas Chinese and the evaluation mechanism of the relationship between Vietnam and Vietnam, which is more conducive to a new understanding and interpretation of the complexity of the more modern and modern history of Vietnam.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K257

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