近代沈陽城市發(fā)展與社會變遷(1898-1945)
本文選題:近代 + 沈陽; 參考:《東北師范大學》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:近代沈陽,作為清王朝陪都、自開商埠城市和滿鐵附屬地,比較全面地反映了中國近代歷史形態(tài),其城市的歷史變遷頗具典型性、代表性。近代沈陽的歷史主要沿著兩條基本的脈絡發(fā)展:一是由封建社會向半封建社會轉(zhuǎn)化,這種轉(zhuǎn)化是歷史的自然過程;另一條則是由一座獨立的封建都城變?yōu)榘胫趁竦爻鞘,這是外國資本主義強加給這個城市的,是城市政治地位的變化。與此相適應,沈陽的近代城市建設也相應表現(xiàn)出兩條主要的脈絡:一是中國封建社會的傳統(tǒng)城市向新興資本主義開放的、多方位的城市文化形式進化;另一條則是純粹的外國建設模式的直接輸入,這兩條脈絡既各自獨立,又相互聯(lián)系、相互制約、共進交融。 本文以1898——1945的時間跨度為限,以近代沈陽城市的發(fā)展歷程為研究對象,通過梳理沈陽城市的近代化歷程,歸納城市發(fā)展演進的特點和影響沈陽城市近代化發(fā)展的因素。全文分共七部分。 緒論,主要闡述該論文研究的選題意義和概念的厘清,重點介紹當前國內(nèi)外研究的歷史現(xiàn)狀與擬解決的主要問題,以及論文所運用的理論、研究方法與整體結(jié)構(gòu)等。 第一章,主要從四個方面論述沈陽城市賴以存在的自然生態(tài)條件及盛京古城的形成,說明近代沈陽城市發(fā)展與社會變遷的社會背景。即沈陽城市發(fā)展的自然條件;早期城市的興起與傳統(tǒng)封建城市的形成;清代盛京古城的建設與發(fā)展;沈陽傳統(tǒng)城市的近代過渡。 第二章,主要論述了19世紀末20世紀初,近代沈陽殖民地化與近代化的同步演進過程。一方面,營口開埠后,伴隨著列強的侵略、洋教洋貨的沖擊、日俄的爭奪、日本殖民機構(gòu)的建立,盛京古城屢遭洗劫,逐步淪為半殖民地,同時殖民者也將西方物質(zhì)文明的成果不自覺地帶入了近代沈陽,推動了沈陽的近代化;另一方面,日本為把奉天滿鐵附屬地建成日本侵略東北的前沿陣地,殖民者投入大量資金,給沈陽這座古城帶來了資本主義性質(zhì)的基礎設施、市政管理手段和西方的科技文化,在一定程度上推動了社會經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)向和發(fā)展,造成了附屬地城市空間和社會結(jié)構(gòu)迅速向近代化演變,率先成為當時東北地區(qū)較為先進的具有現(xiàn)代意味的城市。 第三章,主要論述了20世紀初,清末新政、自開商埠與奉天自主性近代化的啟動歷程。19世紀末20世紀初,奉天三罹兵燹,社會動蕩,經(jīng)濟停滯,百業(yè)蕭條。為恢復城市生機,一方面,趙爾巽在奉天率先啟動新政,帶動了近代沈陽城市面貌的恢復與更新;另一方面,伴隨著奉天開埠,城市功能結(jié)構(gòu)、城市面貌和城市發(fā)展動力都有所改變,加快了奉天城市的近代化進程,并逐步發(fā)展成為內(nèi)外貿(mào)兼有的商業(yè)城市。 第四章,主要論述了自辛亥革命至九一八事變,奉系軍閥統(tǒng)治時期,沈陽城市自主性近代化的推進。面對日本通過經(jīng)濟和軍事控制奉天的企圖,張作霖一方面與之周旋,另一方面,努力拓展城市空間、建立市政公所、完善市政建設與管理、大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、教育、交通、衛(wèi)生事業(yè)等,全力進行自主性城市建設,將沈陽城市自主性近代化建設推向了高潮。 第五章,主要論述了偽滿時期,沈陽城市建設的畸形發(fā)展。九一八事變后,日本為把沈陽變成侵略戰(zhàn)爭的戰(zhàn)略物資供應基地,建立穩(wěn)定的侵華后方的需要,建設了鐵西工業(yè)區(qū),制訂并實施了《奉天都邑計劃》,推行為殖民統(tǒng)治服務的教育,進行為戰(zhàn)爭服務的經(jīng)濟建設,這一時期沈陽人民的社會生活也發(fā)生著深刻的變化。由于對沈陽城市發(fā)展沒有長遠考慮,致使城市格局、經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)嚴重失衡,對今天沈陽城市化向更高層次邁進,帶來了深遠的負面影響。 結(jié)語,這是論文的最后部分。梳理了近代沈陽城市空間形態(tài)形成的過程,探析了影響近代沈陽城市發(fā)展的主要原因、對沈陽現(xiàn)代城市建設的影響,并對今天的沈陽城市建設提出了建議。
[Abstract]:Modern Shenyang , as the Qing Dynasty accompanied by the Qing Dynasty , has reflected comprehensively the modern history form of China , its historical changes are typical and representative . The history of modern Shenyang is mainly along two basic veins : one is the transformation from feudal society to the semi - feudal society , this transformation is the natural process of history ;
The other is changed from an independent feudal city to a semi - colonial city , which is imposed on the city by foreign capitalism , which is the change of the city ' s political status .
The other is the direct input of the pure foreign construction mode , which are both independent and interrelated and mutually restricted .
In this paper , the paper takes the time span of the city of Shenyang as the limit , takes the development course of Shenyang city as the research object , summarizes the characteristics of the evolution of urban development and the factors that affect the development of Shenyang urban modernization by combing the modernization course of Shenyang city .
The introduction is mainly about the definition of the topic meaning and concept of the research of the thesis , and focuses on the present situation of history and the main problems to be solved at home and abroad , as well as the theory , the research method and the whole structure used in the thesis .
The first chapter mainly discusses the natural ecological condition and the formation of the ancient city in Shenyang city from four aspects , and illustrates the social background of the development and social change of Shenyang city .
The rise of early cities and the formation of traditional feudal cities ;
The Construction and Development of Qing Dynasty Shengjing Ancient City
Modern transition of shenyang traditional city .
The second chapter mainly discusses the process of the synchronous evolution of the modern Shenyang colonization and modernization at the end of the 19th century . On the one hand , after the opening of the Yingkou port , with the aggression of the strong , the impact of the ocean and foreign goods , the competition between Japan and Russia , the establishment of the Japanese colonial institution , the ancient city of Shengjing have been gradually reduced to a half - colony , while the colonizers have brought the achievements of the western material civilization into the modern Shenyang , which promoted the modernization of Shenyang .
On the other hand , in order to build Japan ' s former position in northeast China into the northeast of Japan , Japan has invested a lot of money . It has brought capitalist nature ' s infrastructure , municipal management means and western science and technology culture to Shenyang , which has promoted the transformation and development of the social economy to a certain extent , which has led to the rapid development of the urban space and social structure in the region , which is the first to be the more advanced modern city in northeast China .
The third chapter mainly discusses the start - up process of the early 20th century , the new government in the Qing Dynasty , the self - opening commercial port and the pursuit of self - independence . In the end of the 19th century , Zhao Er was the first to start the new government in the early 20th century , which led to the restoration and renewal of the urban landscape of modern Shenyang .
On the other hand , with the change of Fengtian port , city function structure , city appearance and urban development power , the modernization process of Fengtian city is accelerated , and the commercial city with both domestic and foreign trade is gradually developed .
In the fourth chapter , the author mainly discusses the promotion of the self - ownership modernization of Shenyang city from the Revolution of 1911 to the 18th Incident . In the face of Japan ' s attempts to control Fengtian through economic and military control , Zhang Zuilin has been working with it on the one hand . On the other hand , efforts have been made to expand the city space , establish the municipal public office , improve the municipal construction and management , vigorously develop the economy , education , transportation , sanitation and so on , and devote great efforts to the construction of the autonomous cities , and pushed the construction of the urban autonomy in Shenyang to the climax .
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the teratology development of Shenyang city construction . After the first eight years of change , Japan has changed Shenyang into the strategic material supply base of the war of aggression , established the stable China ' s west industrial area , established and implemented the education for the service of the colonial rule and carried out the economic construction for the war service .
The final part of this paper is the conclusion of the thesis . The process of the formation of the urban spatial pattern in modern Shenyang is analyzed . The main reasons for the development of Shenyang city in modern times are discussed . The influence of Shenyang modern city construction is discussed , and some suggestions are put forward for the construction of Shenyang city today .
【學位授予單位】:東北師范大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:F299.29;K25
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