本文選題：政黨競爭 + 國共談判��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：政黨競爭是政黨政治的常態(tài),中國近現(xiàn)代的政黨政治始終與國家建設(shè)的歷史任務(wù)交織在一起。20世紀(jì)中國的政黨或以較為激烈的軍事斗爭方式或以較為和睦的合作方式活動于政治的領(lǐng)域。然則,政黨本以和平的手段以競?cè)≌䴔?quán),中國近現(xiàn)代的政黨政治中,除去民國初年的政黨競爭,在1944年到1946年這段時(shí)間中,同樣存在短暫的政黨競爭現(xiàn)象。1944年9月林伯渠作為中國共產(chǎn)黨黨代表于國民參政會三屆三次大會公開提出了聯(lián)合政府的政治訴求,此主張宣布了國共兩黨以抗日為連接的合作主調(diào)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)向�；诙兰o(jì)三十年代國共力量對比的權(quán)力分配格局難以為繼,國共合作的時(shí)代主題逐漸演進(jìn)為國共競爭的政治現(xiàn)實(shí)。在抗日戰(zhàn)爭步入尾聲的條件下,新國家的政治權(quán)力如何分配成為國共兩黨競爭的焦點(diǎn)。此后,共產(chǎn)黨與國民黨歷經(jīng)赫爾利斡旋下的關(guān)于改組政府的談判,重慶談判以及政治協(xié)商會議等多輪談判以謀求和平建國的路徑。 本文依據(jù)唐斯的理性選擇理論,將民主國家中的政黨競爭與選舉邏輯帶入1944年9月至1946年1月這段時(shí)間內(nèi)的中國政治過程,以現(xiàn)代國家構(gòu)建為歷史框架,結(jié)合這段時(shí)期的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境,論證此階段國共兩黨之間存在著政黨競爭的關(guān)系；在兩黨競爭的過程中總結(jié)競爭的維度與特征；并利用唐斯政黨競爭的選舉邏輯,探討中國共產(chǎn)黨在與國民黨的政黨競爭中所處的地位以及其競爭的策略。本文認(rèn)為政黨競爭存在于中國的歷史之中,并在特殊的環(huán)境限制下表現(xiàn)出其獨(dú)特性。民主國家政黨競爭的邏輯在中國有其適用性,并對國共兩黨的政黨競爭具備解釋力。利用唐斯的民主理論,本文分析了在現(xiàn)代國家構(gòu)建的時(shí)代主題下,中國共產(chǎn)黨充分利用其在野黨的地位,主張民主,訴求聯(lián)合政府,爭取國內(nèi)中間力量與國際因素的支持,在與國民黨的競爭中爭取到了有利地位。本文并未將國共兩黨的軍事力量作為考察對象,并且認(rèn)為上述時(shí)間段中,軍事力量并非當(dāng)時(shí)國內(nèi)政治走向的決定性力量。
[Abstract]:Party competition is the norm of party politics. Party politics in modern China has always been intertwined with the historical task of national construction. In the 20th century, Chinese political parties have been active in the political field either in the form of more intense military struggle or in a more harmonious way of cooperation. However, the political parties originally fought for political power by peaceful means. In modern Chinese party politics, apart from party competition in the early years of the Republic of China, during the period from 1944 to 1946, There is also a brief phenomenon of party competition. In September 1944, Lin Boqu, as a party representative of the Chinese Communist Party, put forward the political aspirations of the coalition government at the third and third sessions of the Congress. This proposition announced that the two parties to the anti-Japanese cooperation between the main tone has changed. Based on the power distribution pattern of the power contrast between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the 1930s, the theme of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party gradually evolved into the political reality of the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the distribution of political power in the new country has become the focus of the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Since then, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang have gone through negotiations on reorganizing the government under Hurley's mediation, the Chongqing talks and the political Consultative Conference in order to seek the path of peaceful nation-building. Based on the rational choice theory of Downs, this paper introduces the logic of party competition and election in democratic countries into the Chinese political process between September 1944 and January 1946, and takes the construction of modern country as the historical framework. Combined with the international and domestic environment of this period, this paper demonstrates the relationship between the KMT and the CPC at this stage, summarizes the dimensions and characteristics of the competition in the process of the competition between the two parties, and makes use of the election logic of the Downs party competition. This paper probes into the position of the Communist Party of China in the competition with the Kuomintang party and its competitive strategy. This paper argues that party competition exists in the history of China and shows its uniqueness under special circumstances. The logic of party competition in democratic countries has its applicability in China, and it can explain the competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Based on Downs' theory of democracy, this paper analyzes that under the theme of modern national construction, the Communist Party of China has made full use of its position as an opposition party, advocated democracy, appealed to a coalition government, and won the support of domestic and middle forces and international factors. He won a favorable position in the competition with the Kuomintang. This paper does not take the military power of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as the object of investigation, and thinks that the military force is not the decisive force of the domestic political trend in the period mentioned above.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D665;K265;K266

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