本文選題：清末 + 新式陸軍��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：兵役制度是國(guó)家軍事制度的重要組成部分,它隨著國(guó)家和軍隊(duì)的形成而出現(xiàn),并隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的需要和國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、軍事、人口等的變化而不斷發(fā)生變化。甲午戰(zhàn)后,清政府仿照西方籌練新軍,制定了一整套具有近代化特色的兵役制度,拉開(kāi)了我國(guó)軍隊(duì)近代化的序幕。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),史學(xué)界對(duì)清末新軍的兵役制度缺乏系統(tǒng)而全面的研究�；诖�,筆者擬將清末新軍的兵役制度作為本文的研究對(duì)象。 本文主要以清末的典籍以及當(dāng)時(shí)的報(bào)刊資料為依據(jù),在充分吸收、借鑒近代學(xué)者研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合軍事學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí),綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法、比較分析法等研究方法,論述了清末新軍兵役制度的制定及執(zhí)行情況,以歷史唯物主義思想為指導(dǎo),具體分析了兵役制度在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及原因,并嘗試探討新軍兵役制度的歷史地位及其影響。 全文由緒言、正文和參考文獻(xiàn)三部分組成,其中正文又分為三部分。 緒言對(duì)兵役制度、兵制、兵員征募制度等相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了厘定,介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)本課題及相關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究現(xiàn)狀,概述了本文選題的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和意義。 正文由三部分組成。 第一部分,回顧歷史,對(duì)我國(guó)歷代的兵役制度進(jìn)行梳理,說(shuō)明兵役制度隨著時(shí)代的變遷而不斷發(fā)生變化,指出新的兵役制度取代舊兵役制度的必然性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,筆者對(duì)清朝舊軍的兵役制度進(jìn)行了敘述和說(shuō)明,主要論述了舊軍——八旗、綠營(yíng)、湘淮軍在征兵、退伍方面的相關(guān)規(guī)定及執(zhí)行情況,從其制定兵役制度的本身出發(fā),分析了清代兵役制度不斷發(fā)生變化的原因。 第二部分,主要從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)論述清末新軍的兵役制度。一方面,從募兵條件、征召辦法和服役期限等方面,對(duì)清末新軍征兵制度在文本方面的規(guī)定進(jìn)行了梳理,說(shuō)明征兵制度在制定的過(guò)程中有一個(gè)不斷完善的過(guò)程；指出其在文本規(guī)定方面借鑒了中外兵制的長(zhǎng)處,在我國(guó)軍事近代化的道路上邁出了可貴的一步；同時(shí)也詳細(xì)介紹了清末新軍入伍的運(yùn)作程序、征兵制度的執(zhí)行情況和在執(zhí)行的過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,并對(duì)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行具體的分析。另一方面,著重探討清末新軍兵役制度的另一個(gè)組成部分——退伍制度。從退伍年限、退伍辦法、對(duì)退伍兵的管理以及士兵退伍后清政府所采取的安置措施等方面分析了退伍制度在文本方面的規(guī)定,并針對(duì)非正常退伍——即士兵在服役期間陣亡、傷殘等情況,清政府如何安置等問(wèn)題也進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的論述。然后詳細(xì)介紹了清末新軍退伍制度在操作過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,并分析了產(chǎn)生這種問(wèn)題的原因。筆者認(rèn)為,軍人安置問(wèn)題是一項(xiàng)軍事社會(huì)系統(tǒng)工程,清末尚不具備安置所有退伍軍人的基本條件。雖然新軍退伍制度的本身及退伍后軍人的安置工作還存在很多問(wèn)題,但清末新軍已經(jīng)把士兵退伍后的安置問(wèn)題納入到了制度化的軌道,實(shí)開(kāi)了我國(guó)近代軍人安置的先河,這一點(diǎn)是不容置疑的。 第三部分,在總結(jié)全文的基礎(chǔ)上,論述了清末新軍兵役制度的歷史地位及其對(duì)后世的影響。指出清末新軍兵役制度的改革,是我國(guó)軍事制度的一項(xiàng)重大變革,其在我國(guó)近代兵役制度的發(fā)展過(guò)程中具有承上啟下的作用,對(duì)我國(guó)近代軍制的變革也產(chǎn)生了十分重要的影響,同時(shí)也論述了清末新軍兵役制度所存在的不足,以期對(duì)現(xiàn)代兵役制度的建設(shè)能夠起到些許的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:The military service system is an important part of the country ' s military system . With the formation of the nation and the army , it has changed constantly with the needs of the war and the changes of the country ' s political , economic , cultural , military and population . After the Sino - Japanese War , the Qing government has set up a set of military service system with the characteristics of modernization .

Based on the study of historical materialism and the relevant knowledge of military science and sociology , this paper discusses the formulation and implementation of military service system in the end of Qing Dynasty , and analyzes the problems and causes of military service system in the course of implementation , and tries to probe into the historical position and influence of the new military service system .

The whole text consists of three parts of preface , text and reference , in which the text is divided into three parts .

The introduction of the introduction to the military service system , the military system , the military personnel recruitment system and so on the relevant concepts , introduced the domestic and foreign academic research on this subject and related issues , and outlined the academic value and significance of this paper .

The text consists of three parts .

The first part , reviewing the history , combing the military service system in our country , illustrates that the military service system is constantly changing with the change of the times , pointing out that the new military service system replaces the old military service system . On this basis , the author mainly discusses the relevant regulations and the implementation of the old army _ 8 flag , the green battalion and the Xiang - Huai army in the recruitment and demobilization , and analyses the reasons for the changing of the military service system in the Qing Dynasty .

In the second part , the military service system of the new army in the late Qing Dynasty was discussed mainly from two aspects . On the one hand , the regulations of the recruitment system of the new army in the end of the Qing Dynasty were sorted out in terms of the conditions of the recruitment , the methods of recruitment and the duration of the service , which indicated that the recruitment system had a continuous process in the development process ;
It points out that it is a valuable step in the military modernization of our country .
At the same time , the article also introduces the operation procedure , the implementation of the recruitment system and the problems existing in the course of implementation and the causes of the problem . On the other hand , the article mainly discusses the problems existing in the operation process of the new military service system in the end of Qing Dynasty , and analyzes the reasons for the problem .

The third part , on the basis of summarizing the whole , discusses the historical position of the new military service system in the late Qing Dynasty and its influence on the later generations . It points out that the reform of the military service system in the end of Qing Dynasty is a major change in the military system of our country . It has an important influence on the reform of the modern military service system in our country . At the same time , it also discusses the shortage of the new military service system in the end of Qing Dynasty , with a view to the construction of the modern military service system .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K252;E295.2

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