本文選題：赫德 + 澳門　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 赫德在1863年—1908年擔任中國海關總稅務司,他不僅控制了中國海關,而且其活動涉及政治、軍事、經濟、文化、外交等諸多方面。在中國和葡萄牙關于澳門問題進行交涉的過程中,赫德的作用不可忽視。本文旨在論述赫德在三個不同階段介入中葡澳門交涉的程度,厘清其動機以及對該事件起到的作用,從而實事求是地分析赫德作為英籍華官在中西交涉時的角色多重性,客觀地評價他在中葡澳門交涉中的地位。這既有利于全面認識和評價赫德,為現(xiàn)今有爭議的赫德評價問題提供新的角度和思路,在一定程度上也有助于豐富澳門地方史的研究。 本文主要分為五個部分: 第一部分:論述赫德來中國之初,憑借著對中西方文化的了解以及謹慎、圓通的處事方式得到了清政府高層的信任,隨后在1862年中葡立約談判中為清政府提供相關建議,這為他此后介入澳門問題提供了契機。 第二部分:赫德在1868年向清政府提出了收購澳門的瑪斯計劃。這在前人的研究中還不曾涉及,對這一問題的探討有助于我們全面認識赫德在中葡澳門交涉中的作為。 第三部分:赫德親自參與1886年的澳門談判。從主觀意愿到客觀形勢,赫德都和澳門問題有不可分割的聯(lián)系。他的參與使中葡澳門管理權爭端加入了更多利益權衡。 第四部分:赫德遙控操縱中方代表金登干與葡方達成《里斯本草約》。在達成草約的過程中,赫德扮演了四種角色:一是清政府的外交代表,二是葡方的外交顧問,三是調停者,四是英國利益的維護者,而他在這四種角色之間取得了微妙的平衡。 第五部分:赫德促成了1887年《中葡和好通商條約》的簽訂,并多次重提瑪斯計劃。在這個過程中,作為中方談判代表的赫德卻為葡萄牙的利益出謀劃策,而當清政府對他的行為有異議的時候,他又適時地充當起了局外旁觀者的角色。 結語部分:通過上述具體史實的闡述,以及對赫德角色的定位和作用的分析,有助于我們了解赫德在上述各個階段中處理澳門問題的出發(fā)點,實際是同中有異,具有多元化。由于自身地位以及客觀形勢的變化,赫德在處理澳門問題上的角色定位以及方式和手段也是多變而微妙的,而且赫德作為英籍清政府官員在處理對外關系上不免帶有“雙重效忠”的特點。通過對上述材料的把握,有助于我們全面而客觀地看待赫德在中葡澳門交涉中的活動,更準確地把握歷史真相。
[Abstract]:Hurd served as the General Taxation Department of China Customs from 1863 to 1908. He not only controlled the Chinese Customs, but also carried out his activities in political, military, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other aspects.In the process of negotiations between China and Portugal on Macao, Hurd's role can not be ignored.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the degree of Hurd's involvement in the negotiations between China and Macao at three different stages, to clarify his motives and their role in the case, and to analyze his role as a British and Chinese official in the negotiations between China and the West in a pragmatic way.Objectively evaluate his position in the negotiations between China and Portugal.This is not only conducive to the comprehensive understanding and evaluation of Hurd, but also helps to enrich the study of Macao's local history to a certain extent, to provide a new perspective and train of thought for the controversial evaluation of Hurd.This paper is divided into five parts:The first part discusses that at the beginning of Hurd's coming to China, with his understanding of Chinese and western culture and caution, Yuantong's way of doing things was trusted by the high level of Qing government, and then he provided relevant suggestions to Qing government in the negotiation of the treaty between China and Portugal in 1862.This provided an opportunity for him to intervene in the Macao issue.Part two: in 1868, Hurd proposed to the Qing government the purchase of Maas in Macau.This has not been discussed in previous studies, and the discussion of this problem will help us to fully understand the role of Hurd in the negotiations between China and Portugal.The third part: Hurd personally participated in the negotiation of Macao in 1886.From subjective will to objective situation, both Hurd and Macao are inextricably linked.His participation has added more trade-offs to the dispute over management rights between China and Portugal.The fourth part: Hurd remote control Chinese representative Kim Denggan and the Portuguese side reached the Treaty of Lisbon.In the process of reaching an agreement, Hurd played four roles: first, diplomatic representative of the Qing government, second, diplomatic adviser to the Portuguese side, third, mediator, and fourth, defender of British interests, and he struck a delicate balance between the four roles.Part V: Hurd made the signing of the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of good Trade in 1887, and repeated the Maas Plan.In the process, Hurd, a Chinese negotiator, advised Portugal's interests, and when the Qing government objected to his actions, he duly acted as an outsider.The conclusion part: through the elaboration of the above specific historical facts and the analysis of the orientation and function of Hurd's role, it is helpful for us to understand the starting point of Hurd's handling of the Macao issue in the above stages.As a result of the changes in his own status and the objective situation, Hurd's role in dealing with the Macao issue and its ways and means are also variable and delicate.And Hurd, as a British official of the Qing government, had the characteristic of "double allegiance" in dealing with foreign relations.It is helpful for us to view the activities of Hurd in the negotiations between China and Portugal and to grasp the historical truth more accurately.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K256

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