發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-17 16:01

  本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期 + 四川省��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),由于自然環(huán)境限制、品種不佳、栽培方法不恰當(dāng)?shù)仍?四川皮棉年產(chǎn)量不過(guò)40萬(wàn)擔(dān)。自1937年全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,四川一時(shí)成為抗戰(zhàn)大后方的中心基地和衣食所出的根據(jù)地,但衣被供需矛盾卻日益突出。為保證抗戰(zhàn)順利進(jìn)行,以達(dá)到“抗戰(zhàn)建國(guó)”之目的,改進(jìn)棉業(yè)以實(shí)現(xiàn)棉業(yè)增產(chǎn)便成為解決四川棉荒困境的重要出路。早在民國(guó)初年,四川勸業(yè)道周孝懷就開(kāi)始從湖北輸入美棉分發(fā)至川省各個(gè)棉區(qū)種植,四川省政府也有組織成立棉作試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)、經(jīng)營(yíng)生產(chǎn)貸款等一系列的改良活動(dòng)。不過(guò),由于主客觀因素的制約,四川棉業(yè)改良與推廣成效不大,直到抗戰(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)后,四川棉業(yè)才迎來(lái)發(fā)展高峰。全面抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的四川省棉業(yè)改良與推廣,是由四川省建設(shè)廳、四川省立棉作試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)、四川省棉區(qū)各縣政府和縣農(nóng)業(yè)推廣所、高等農(nóng)業(yè)院校所及各位從事此項(xiàng)工作的同仁共同承擔(dān)的。政府通過(guò)頒布棉業(yè)改良與推廣政策、完善農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、推行棉貸、訓(xùn)練棉業(yè)推廣人才等措施,積極為棉業(yè)增產(chǎn)做好準(zhǔn)備工作。其中,棉業(yè)改良工作主要包括:棉種引進(jìn)與選育、棉作栽培試驗(yàn)、棉作病蟲(chóng)害防治;推廣方面則側(cè)重對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)棉種的輿論普及、開(kāi)展植棉競(jìng)賽會(huì)及展覽會(huì)等推廣方法和良種的保純、繁殖工作。同時(shí),還通過(guò)對(duì)棉花進(jìn)行分級(jí)、設(shè)立軋花廠、組織棉花運(yùn)銷(xiāo)合作社來(lái)加強(qiáng)對(duì)棉花交易環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督。隨著上述工作的展開(kāi),使得四川植棉業(yè)一改戰(zhàn)前的萎靡狀態(tài),迎來(lái)了“短暫的春天”。不管是在棉花產(chǎn)量增加還是棉農(nóng)增收、棉紡織業(yè)發(fā)展方面都取得了一定的成效。但是由于先天氣候不足、經(jīng)費(fèi)緊缺、耕作技術(shù)和肥料使用的落后、農(nóng)民受教育程度低下、棉花價(jià)格不合理、專業(yè)技術(shù)人才和勞動(dòng)力缺乏等種種因素制約,致使四川棉業(yè)改良與推廣事業(yè)呈現(xiàn)“跳躍式”的發(fā)展模式,最終并未真正解決后方棉荒危機(jī),原棉與紡織的供需矛盾依然存在。
[Abstract]:For a long time, because of the restriction of natural environment, poor varieties and inappropriate cultivation methods, the annual yield of lint in Sichuan is only 400000.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan in 1937, Sichuan became the central base and base area of the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan, but the contradiction between supply and demand of clothing was increasingly prominent.In order to ensure the smooth progress of the War of Resistance against Japan and to achieve the goal of "establishing a nation with the War of Resistance against Japan", improving cotton industry to increase production of cotton industry has become an important way to solve the dilemma of cotton shortage in Sichuan Province.As early as the beginning of the Republic of China, Zhou Xiaohuai began to distribute cotton imported from Hubei Province to all cotton areas in Sichuan Province. The Sichuan Provincial Government also organized the establishment of cotton production test sites and a series of improvement activities, such as managing production loans and so on.However, because of the restriction of subjective and objective factors, the improvement and popularization of cotton industry in Sichuan was not effective, until the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the cotton industry in Sichuan Province did not usher in a peak of development.The improvement and popularization of cotton industry in Sichuan Province during the Anti-Japanese War period was carried out by the Sichuan Provincial Construction Department, the cotton stand test site in Sichuan Province, the county governments of Sichuan cotton region and the county agricultural extension institutes.Higher agricultural institutions and your colleagues engaged in this work shared responsibility.Through promulgating the policy of cotton industry improvement and extension, perfecting agricultural organization, promoting cotton loan, training cotton industry extension personnel and so on, the government should actively prepare for increasing production of cotton industry.Among them, the improvement work of cotton industry mainly includes: introduction and breeding of cotton seed, cultivation experiment of cotton, control of diseases and insect pests of cotton, and popularization of public opinion on high-quality cotton seed.Develop cotton competition and exhibition and other promotion methods and the preservation of improved varieties, reproduction work.At the same time, through the grading of cotton, the establishment of a rolling mill, the organization of cotton marketing cooperatives to strengthen the supervision of cotton trading links.With the development of the above-mentioned work, Sichuan cotton planting industry changed before the war, ushered in a "short spring."No matter in cotton yield increase or cotton farmers increase income, cotton textile industry development has achieved certain results.However, due to the lack of natural climate, the shortage of funds, the backward use of farming techniques and fertilizers, the low level of education of farmers, the unreasonable price of cotton, the lack of specialized technical personnel and labor force, and other factors,As a result, Sichuan cotton industry improvement and promotion presents a "leap" development model, and finally does not really solve the crisis of cotton shortage in the rear, and the contradiction between supply and demand of raw cotton and textile still exists.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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