本文選題：張岱 + 著史情結(jié)　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：張岱是明末清初富有氣節(jié)的史學家和文學家,因其一生書寫而備受時人與后人的關注。從早年自稱的“紈绔子弟”到晚年轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)τ谏鐣笞儎颖憩F(xiàn)出的嚴肅面目,張岱身上幾乎凝結(jié)了晚明士大夫最為典型的心路歷程,繼而用以史明鑒、借史抒懷這種隱而不宣的表達方式來研治明史。本文從《石匱書》等文本出發(fā)具體考察張岱的著史情結(jié)所表現(xiàn)出來的深刻內(nèi)容,進而展現(xiàn)晚明私家修史者的矛盾心態(tài),以及在王朝更替之際對人生、歷史的思考,以張岱為代表的“文化遺民”作為清初文化的基本撰寫隊伍,他們的觀念和文化成果對于清初文化秩序的重建、文化格局的重構又起到了推動作用。具體來講,本文從三個方面展開論述： 第一部分介紹張岱其人其史,討論張岱如何在大動蕩時期成為閃耀的文壇之星,又因生逢亂世,家道衰落,落得凄涼晚景。晚明的社會思潮、人文氛圍造就了張岱的紈绔習氣和名士風度,也刺激了他轉(zhuǎn)而修史,以史抒懷。在易代之際用一生著史來試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)“國史失誣,家史失諛,野史失臆”的局面。 第二部分是對張岱一生寫史原因的綜合分析,主要從家族修史精神的傳承、江浙地區(qū)修史傳統(tǒng)、空間地域下的學術交游和遺民身份幾個方面來分析。在清初文化體制下表達書寫歷史的情懷。全方位、多視角、立體化展現(xiàn)張岱的史學情懷是如何形成的,在晚明私家修史的大背景下,張岱修史動機的復雜性。通過還原這種漸成的復雜性,逐步揭示晚明世道變遷對當時的士人群體文化歸宿的影響,史學如何成為眾人的明志選擇。 第三部分是從張岱的著史情結(jié)出發(fā),通過考察易代之際的思想混亂、觀念多元、謠言四起,反映晚明歷史書寫的肆意和私意,由此凸顯張岱作為一名遺民如何極力通過歷史書寫重塑一個想象中的晚明世界,如何將修史當做話語權爭奪的工具和奪取政治支持的平臺。從其寫史的動機和文本總結(jié)出他的史鑒情結(jié)、遺民情結(jié),以及在哀思王朝覆滅的過程中如何一步步啟動理性思考,反思明代的無力統(tǒng)治。
[Abstract]:Zhang Dai is a famous historian and writer in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.From the self-proclaimed "dandy" in the early years to the seriousness of the great changes in society in his later years, Zhang Dai's body almost condensed the most typical mental journey of the literati and officials of the late Ming Dynasty, and then used it for Shi Mingjian.Express the history of this hidden and unannounced way of expression to study the history of the Ming Dynasty.In this paper, the author makes a concrete investigation of the profound content of Zhang Dai's historical complex from the texts such as "Shikui Shu", and then shows the contradictory mentality of the private historians in the late Ming Dynasty, as well as their reflections on life and history at the time of the change of dynasty.Zhang Dai as the representative of "cultural relic" as the basic writing team of the early Qing culture, their ideas and cultural achievements played a role in the reconstruction of the cultural order and the reconstruction of the cultural structure in the early Qing Dynasty.Specifically, this paper discusses from three aspects:The first part introduces Zhang Dai's history and discusses how Zhang Dai became a shining literary star in the turbulent period, and his family was in decline.The late Ming social trend of thought, humanistic atmosphere created Zhang Dai's dandyish habits and personage style, but also stimulated him to turn to history, to express history.The author tries to reverse the situation of "the loss of national history, the loss of flattery of family history, and the loss of wild history".The second part is a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for Zhang Dai's life writing history, mainly from the family spirit of historical heritage, Jiangsu and Zhejiang region, the tradition of history repair, the space of academic exchanges and the identity of the bereaved people to analyze several aspects.Express the feelings of writing history under the cultural system in the early Qing Dynasty.Omni-directional, multi-angle, three-dimensional showing how Zhang Dai's feelings of historiography were formed. Under the background of the history of private practice in the late Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai's motives for historical revision were complicated.Through the restoration of this gradual complexity, the influence of the changes of the late Ming Dynasty on the cultural fate of the scholars at that time was revealed step by step, and how historiography became the people's choice of the Ming Dynasty.The third part is based on Zhang Dai's historical complex, by examining the confusion of ideas, the diversity of ideas, and the rise of rumors, which reflects the wanton and private meaning of the writing of the history of the late Ming Dynasty.This highlights how Zhang Dai, as a relic, tried his best to reshape an imaginary late Ming world through historical writing, and how to use history revision as a tool for the struggle for the right to speak and as a platform to win political support.From the motive and text of his writing history, this paper sums up his historical complex, the feelings of the bereaved people, and how to start rational thinking step by step and reflect on the powerless rule of the Ming Dynasty in the process of the fall of the mourning dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K251

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本文編號：1761606