本文選題：貴縣 + 土地改革�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：中華人民共和國(guó)成立初期,隨著地方各級(jí)政權(quán)的建立與鞏固,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在新解放區(qū)開展了一場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大的土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)徹底改變了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)力量的對(duì)比,也顛覆了農(nóng)村舊有的政治格局,廣大農(nóng)民在經(jīng)濟(jì)上分到了土地,政治上翻身做了主人。土改使中共政權(quán)在農(nóng)村站穩(wěn)了腳跟,同時(shí)也激發(fā)了廣大農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性,解放了農(nóng)村的生產(chǎn)力,為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展和國(guó)家財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本好轉(zhuǎn)創(chuàng)造了條件。 1949年12月4日,貴縣解放。中共貴縣縣委、縣政府隨即著手土地改革的各種準(zhǔn)備工作。圍繞土改這一工作中心,首先展開了剿匪反霸的斗爭(zhēng),大體上消除了匪患,從而為土地改革的順利展開提供了一個(gè)相對(duì)安定的社會(huì)環(huán)境。從1951年5月中旬開始至1951年9月,貴縣又開展了歷時(shí)4個(gè)多月的減租退押運(yùn)動(dòng),為土地改革運(yùn)動(dòng)的展開打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在進(jìn)行了土改的典型試驗(yàn),獲得初步經(jīng)驗(yàn)之后,從1951年10月下旬開始至1952年6月,貴縣分三個(gè)批次在全縣范圍內(nèi)鋪開了土改。在土改中地主基本被打倒了,廣大農(nóng)民分到了田地,但是由于時(shí)間緊、任務(wù)重,在工作中不可避免的出現(xiàn)了急于求成的現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致工作粗糙,造成了不少遺留問(wèn)題。為解決土改遺留問(wèn)題,徹底完成土地改革,1952年1O月至1953年3月,貴縣分兩個(gè)批次進(jìn)行了土改復(fù)查,在復(fù)查中進(jìn)一步打擊了地主階級(jí),糾正了錯(cuò)劃漏劃階級(jí)的現(xiàn)象,整頓了農(nóng)村基層組織,處理了果實(shí)分配不公等一系列問(wèn)題,最大限度處理了土改中的各種遺留,鞏固了土改工作的成果。 土地改革給貴縣帶來(lái)的影響是全方位的。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,廣大無(wú)地、少地的農(nóng)民分到了土地,實(shí)現(xiàn)了“耕者有其田”的愿望；在政治上,舊有的農(nóng)村政權(quán)組織被摧毀了,取而代之的是新型的農(nóng)村政權(quán)組織機(jī)制。與此同時(shí),農(nóng)村的社會(huì)面貌在土改后也煥有了深刻的變化,舊的陋習(xí)被改造,社會(huì)新風(fēng)得以樹立。應(yīng)當(dāng)指出,土改雖然取得了巨大的成就,但是仍然存在著一些問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的教訓(xùn)是不容忽視的,也是值得我們?nèi)シ此嫉摹?br/>[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, with the establishment and consolidation of local political power at all levels, the Communist Party of China launched a massive land reform movement in the new liberated areas.This movement completely changed the contrast of rural economic power, but also subverted the old political structure of rural areas, the vast number of farmers in the economic distribution of land, political turning to become the master.The land reform made the Chinese Communist regime establish a firm foothold in the rural areas, at the same time, it stimulated the production enthusiasm of the peasants, liberated the rural productive forces, and created the conditions for the development of agricultural production and the fundamental improvement of the state finance and economy.On December 4, 1949, your county was liberated.The Communist Party of China's county party committee and county government immediately set about various preparations for land reform.Around the work center of land reform, the struggle against bandits and tyrants was first launched, and the bandit problem was largely eliminated, thus providing a relatively stable social environment for the smooth launching of the land reform.From the middle of May 1951 to September 1951, the Rent reduction and Retreat Movement lasted more than 4 months in your county, which laid a solid foundation for the land reform movement.After the typical experiment of land reform was carried out and the preliminary experience was obtained, from late October 1951 to June 1952, three batches of land reform were carried out in your county.In the process of land reform, the landlords were basically overthrown, and the vast number of peasants were divided into fields, but because of the tight time and heavy tasks, the phenomenon of seeking results in haste inevitably appeared in the course of work, resulting in rough work and many remaining problems.In order to solve the problems left over by the land reform and complete the land reform thoroughly, from 1952 to March 1953, two batches of land reform were rechecked in your county. In the course of the reexamination, the landlord class was further dealt a blow and the phenomenon of missing classes was corrected.The rural grassroots organizations were rectified, a series of problems such as unfair distribution of fruits were dealt with, and various remnants of the land reform were dealt with to the maximum extent, and the achievements of the land reform work were consolidated.The impact of land reform on your county is all-around.Economically, the vast number of landless peasants have been allocated to land, thus realizing the desire of "the tiller has his field"; politically, the old rural regime organizations have been destroyed and replaced by a new type of rural regime organization mechanism.At the same time, the social outlook of the rural areas after the land reform has also undergone profound changes, old bad habits have been transformed, the new social style can be set up.It should be pointed out that although the land reform has made great achievements, there are still some problems. The lessons brought about by these problems can not be ignored and are worthy of our reflection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K27;F301

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