本文選題：重慶 + 學生運動��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利后，學生運動在全國蓬勃興起。反饑餓、反內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、立足民族主義的反對帝國主義是這一時期學生運動的主要基調。作為陪都的重慶學生運動更是引起了全國的關注，斗爭頻率更高，聲勢更為浩大，對政府的政策的影響也更大。1940年9月國民政府遷到這里，重慶成為了一個中國的政治、外交、經(jīng)濟、文化教育和新聞中心，與此同時，戰(zhàn)爭中全國許多高校遷到了這里，為學生運動積蓄了力量。 據(jù)筆者所收集的這一時期重慶學生運動的情況來看，學生運動這一時期呈現(xiàn)了一定的特點。相對于這一時期的其他地方，重慶作為陪都，更易于被政府所掌控，故而其斗爭的過程少流血沖突，多有序游行，其行動更為理性且目標也更為明確。同時，國共兩黨都在動員學生發(fā)動運動上不斷做文章，反內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和反內(nèi)亂的斗爭在學生中成為斗爭的焦點，雙方所代表的學生都認為自己是唯一代表政府、代表廣大學生的，所以學生運動的發(fā)生在這一時期內(nèi)帶有戲劇性和表演的性質，其主要目標在于使另外一方在斗爭中失去信任，爭取中間學生的支持成為這一時期斗爭的一個方面。 相對于五四運動，戰(zhàn)后的學生運動是自動和被動的統(tǒng)一。一方面，它沒有完全拋棄五四運動那種完全自治、自決和自動的習性。這種斗爭的精神，是中國自古知識分子所擁有的不同于普通人的自我認知和定位決定的。在國家分裂、民族危亡之時，學生“讀書不忘救國”的念頭使學生積極的參與政治斗爭，并成為運動的領導者。這一時期的特殊經(jīng)濟形勢以及國民黨的政治腐敗，學生的經(jīng)濟處境十分惡劣，為了生存壞境得到改善，學生奮起抵抗，體現(xiàn)了主動性的一面。另一方面，抗戰(zhàn)勝利后，國共兩黨都認識到學生在斗爭中的重要性。國民黨政府在堅持“去政治化”的大方針下通過“黨化教育”、控制學生自治會、輿論反攻、以及成立組織等方式來抑制中共領導的學生組織的蔓延，對于學生運動的態(tài)度主要采用了“軟化”和“利用”為主、鎮(zhèn)壓為輔的方針，在學生運動的過程中主要擔任“監(jiān)護”任務，防止學生游行過程中運動擴大和意外事件的發(fā)生，，同時也利用學生不斷的對共產(chǎn)黨進行反擊，學生在“被運動”的過程中逐漸喪失了自動性。 學生運動因何勃發(fā)興起？據(jù)筆者的觀點來看，乃因抗日戰(zhàn)爭的勝利為學生運動提供了一個契機。從社會運動理論的角度來講，即是這一時期的政治結構為學生運動提供了一個機會。當此之時，中共的力量不斷擴大，社會結構發(fā)生了變化，國民黨政府對待學生運動的態(tài)度以及國共兩黨通過動員學生進行的斗爭更加劇了學生運動的發(fā)生。也就是說，這一時期的學生運動是中國當時獨有的歷史背景、社會背景和文化背景下的產(chǎn)物。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the student movement flourished throughout the country.Anti-hunger, anti-civil war and nationalism-based anti-imperialism were the main tenets of the student movement in this period.The student movement in Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, has attracted even more attention throughout the country, with a higher frequency of struggle, greater momentum and greater influence on the government's policies. In September 1940, when the National Government moved here, Chongqing became the political and diplomatic role of one China.Economic, cultural, educational and news centers, meanwhile, many colleges and universities moved here during the war, saving strength for the student movement.According to the situation of Chongqing student movement in this period, the student movement has some characteristics.Chongqing is more easily controlled by the government than the rest of this period, so its struggle is less bloody, more orderly, and more rational and targeted.At the same time, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are constantly making a fuss about mobilizing students to launch a campaign. The struggle against civil war and civil strife has become the focus of the struggle among the students. The students represented by both sides believe that they are the only ones who represent the government and the students at large.Therefore, the student movement has the character of drama and performance in this period, its main goal is to make the other side lose trust in the struggle, and win the support of the middle students to become one aspect of the struggle in this period.Compared with the May 4 th Movement, the postwar student movement was an automatic and passive unity.On the one hand, it does not completely abandon the full autonomy, self-determination and automatism of the May 4th Movement.The spirit of this struggle is determined by the self-cognition and orientation of Chinese intellectuals since ancient times, which are different from ordinary people.When the country is divided and the nation is in peril, the students' idea of "reading and saving the nation" makes them take an active part in the political struggle and become the leader of the movement.The special economic situation of this period and the political corruption of the Kuomintang, the economic situation of the students was very bad. In order to improve the bad situation of existence, the students rose up to resist, which reflected the initiative side.On the other hand, after the victory of the War of Resistance, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party recognized the importance of the students in the struggle.Under the broad policy of "depoliticization", the Kuomintang government has adopted "party-oriented education" to control student autonomy associations, counter-attacks by public opinion, and the establishment of organizations to curb the spread of student organizations led by the Communist Party.The attitude of the student movement has mainly adopted the policy of "softening" and "utilizing", supplemented by repression. In the course of the student movement, it mainly takes on the task of "monitoring" so as to prevent the expansion of the movement and the occurrence of unexpected events during the student procession.At the same time, using students to fight back against the Communist Party, students in the process of movement gradually lost its automatism.Why did the student movement rise?According to my point of view, it is because the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan provides an opportunity for the student movement.From the point of view of social movement theory, the political structure of this period provides an opportunity for student movement.At this time, the strength of the Communist Party of China has been expanding and the social structure has changed. The attitude of the Kuomintang government towards the student movement and the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China through the mobilization of students have exacerbated the student movement.In other words, the student movement in this period was the product of Chinese historical background, social background and cultural background.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K266;D432.9

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