本文選題：抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：陜甘寧邊區(qū)　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 勞動(dòng)互助是抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期中共在根據(jù)地進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基本組織政策�？箲�(zhàn)初期,陜甘寧邊區(qū)延續(xù)蘇區(qū)革命根據(jù)地時(shí)期的互助傳統(tǒng),組織群眾進(jìn)行集體生產(chǎn),建立一批勞動(dòng)互助社、耕牛合作社等互助組織,所起作用主要體現(xiàn)在組織開(kāi)荒、擴(kuò)大耕地面積和幫助抗屬進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。因沒(méi)有切實(shí)的動(dòng)員農(nóng)民積極參與,這些勞動(dòng)互助組織并沒(méi)有被農(nóng)民所接受。伴隨著邊區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難逐漸增加,自1940年起,中共及邊區(qū)政府開(kāi)始注重民間舊有互助對(duì)于提高農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)熱忱所起到的作用,提倡在春耕、夏耕運(yùn)動(dòng)中組織扎工、變工等互助組織。有了中共中央的政策支持,地方政府開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)變組織勞動(dòng)互助的方式,如延安縣利用民間舊有互助形式組織農(nóng)民進(jìn)行集體勞動(dòng),產(chǎn)生了很好的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。為進(jìn)一步調(diào)劑農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),在1942年的西北局高級(jí)干部會(huì)議上,毛澤東提出要發(fā)揚(yáng)延安經(jīng)驗(yàn),利用民間舊有的互助方式組織農(nóng)民進(jìn)行集體生產(chǎn)。隨后,毛澤東發(fā)表《組織起來(lái)》,更是大力提倡發(fā)展變工、扎工等互助組織。從1943年開(kāi)始,邊區(qū)各縣、區(qū)組織一系列具有改造鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)性質(zhì)的新型變工隊(duì)、扎工隊(duì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)根據(jù)地內(nèi)部勞力、生產(chǎn)工具等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資源的整合。相對(duì)于抗戰(zhàn)初期的互助組織,新式互助在組織原則上,既延續(xù)了傳統(tǒng)互助組織中的自愿、互利的原則,而且注入了民主領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則。組織方法上,主要采取三種方式:樹(shù)立勞動(dòng)英雄,由勞動(dòng)英雄團(tuán)結(jié)和影響群眾組織起來(lái)互助;各地基層干部響應(yīng)黨的號(hào)召,積極領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織群眾互助生產(chǎn);通過(guò)幫助群眾解決生產(chǎn)中的困難,引導(dǎo)群眾自發(fā)的組織勞動(dòng)互助。組織內(nèi)容上,把勞動(dòng)互助與安置移難民、抗戰(zhàn)勤務(wù)、文化教育、鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)風(fēng)氣改造等問(wèn)題結(jié)合起來(lái),一方面促進(jìn)根據(jù)地農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),改善農(nóng)民生活;另一方面加強(qiáng)中共與農(nóng)村各階級(jí)之間的互動(dòng),加快根據(jù)地農(nóng)村諸如二流子等社會(huì)問(wèn)題的解決。通過(guò)利用群眾舊有互助習(xí)慣進(jìn)行互助生產(chǎn),培養(yǎng)了農(nóng)民的集體勞動(dòng)觀念,加強(qiáng)了農(nóng)民與政府之間的聯(lián)系,對(duì)中國(guó)革命過(guò)程產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。
[Abstract]:Mutual labor assistance was the basic organizational policy of the Communist Party of China in carrying out agricultural production in the base areas during the Anti-Japanese War. At the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region continued the tradition of mutual assistance in the Soviet revolutionary base areas, organized the masses to carry out collective production and set up a number of labor mutual aid cooperatives. Mutual aid organizations, such as cattle cooperatives, play a major role in organizing famine, expanding the area of cultivated land and helping them to carry out production. Because farmers have not been effectively mobilized to participate actively, These labor mutual aid organizations were not accepted by the peasants. With the increasing economic difficulties in the border areas, since 1940, the Communist Party of China and the government of the border regions have begun to pay attention to the role of the old mutual aid among the people in enhancing peasants' enthusiasm for production. In the Spring ploughing and Xia Geng Movement, it is advocated to organize mutual aid organizations, such as contracting workers and changing jobs. With the policy support of the CPC Central Committee, local governments have begun to change the way in which they organize labor mutual assistance. For example, Yanan County used the old form of folk mutual assistance to organize farmers to carry out collective labor, which has produced very good social and economic benefits. In order to further adjust the rural labor force for agricultural production, in 1942, at the senior cadre meeting of the Northwest Bureau, Mao Zedong proposed to carry forward the Yan'an experience and to use the old folk mutual aid method to organize peasants to carry out collective production. Subsequently, Mao Zedong published "Organizing up", which strongly advocated the development of mutual aid organizations such as changing jobs and arranging work. Since 1943, In all counties and districts of the Border region, a series of new type of transition teams with the nature of reforming the rural society have been organized, which have brought about the integration of agricultural production resources such as labor and production tools within the base areas, as opposed to the mutual aid organizations in the early days of the War of Resistance against Japan. The new type of mutual aid not only extends the principle of voluntary and mutual benefit in the traditional mutual aid organizations, but also infuses the principle of democratic leadership. The labor heroes unite and influence the masses to organize and help each other; local grassroots cadres respond to the call of the Party and actively lead and organize the production of mutual assistance among the masses; and by helping the masses to solve their difficulties in production, Lead the masses to organize labor mutual assistance spontaneously. In the organizational content, it combines labor mutual assistance with the resettlement of refugees, the service of the War of Resistance against Japan, cultural education, and the transformation of rural social atmosphere, on the one hand, to promote agricultural production in the base areas. On the other hand, we should strengthen the interaction between the Communist Party of China and the various classes in the countryside and speed up the solution of social problems such as Erliuzi in the rural areas in the base areas. Through the use of the old habits of mutual assistance among the masses, we can carry out mutual assistance production. The concept of collective labor has been cultivated and the relationship between the peasants and the government has been strengthened, which has a profound influence on the process of Chinese revolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;K265

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