本文選題：南中國海　切入點：兩蔣時期　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：海疆問題在20世紀70年代隨著石油等生物資源的緊張和現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展對海洋資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)而日益凸顯。中國對南中國海擁有絕對的主權(quán)主張，然而由于南中國海海域劃界的復(fù)雜性及歷史遺留問題，使得這片海域的國際形勢極為劍拔弩張。目前，東南亞各南海爭端當(dāng)事國在南中國海海域提出各自的權(quán)益要求，美國、日本、印度等域外大國因為經(jīng)濟利益、國家對外政策及戰(zhàn)略需求等原因也對南海問題紛紛表示關(guān)注；涉及島、礁主權(quán)爭端的有關(guān)方主要集中于包括臺灣在內(nèi)的“五國六方”。 國內(nèi)學(xué)者關(guān)于南中國海的政策研究很多，但是關(guān)于臺灣當(dāng)局的南中國海政策研究甚少。本文以政策為切入點，系統(tǒng)的分析了兩蔣時期臺灣當(dāng)局的南中國海政策，并將中華民國時期(1912——1949)的中國政府的南中國海政策和兩蔣時期（1949——1988）臺灣當(dāng)局的南中國海政策作一比較，全面的分析兩蔣時期臺灣當(dāng)局在南中國海的行為。 南中國海各爭端方的主要矛盾在于領(lǐng)土權(quán)和海洋控制權(quán)問題，由于油氣等資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和開發(fā)使得矛盾激化，而主要島嶼中只有南沙群島富含石油資源，所以南海爭端主要就是南沙群島的主權(quán)歸屬及南海海域劃界問題。 中華民國時期，中國政府曾和日本在東沙島進行了長期的斗爭，還對南中國海諸島進行定名、管理和開發(fā)建設(shè)。退守臺灣后，，蔣氏父子在臺執(zhí)政期間始終堅持南中國海“主權(quán)”屬于“中華民國”。 臺灣當(dāng)局一直派軍隊駐守在南沙群島的最大島嶼——太平島上，兩蔣時期臺灣當(dāng)局在“一個中國”的原則前提下，對南海海域及相關(guān)島嶼實施“主權(quán)”權(quán)益。臺灣當(dāng)局解除戒嚴政策后，先后通過了“領(lǐng)海及領(lǐng)接區(qū)法”和“專屬經(jīng)濟海域與大陸礁層法”及一些海洋政策綱領(lǐng)。同時，在行動上卻弱化了對南沙群島的控制，由于臺灣島內(nèi)臺獨勢力的存在，臺灣當(dāng)局的南中國海政策具有很大的不穩(wěn)定因素。 臺海兩岸在南海開發(fā)實踐中相互協(xié)調(diào)性不足，應(yīng)該將南海開發(fā)上升到理論高度，從政策層面加強對臺海兩岸在南中國海的開發(fā)合作，有效捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)，最大程度地維護國家權(quán)益。本研究課題以維護中華民族南海權(quán)益為目的，對臺灣當(dāng)局在兩蔣時期的南中國海政策進行系統(tǒng)全面的研究，希望能為臺灣南中國海政策的整體研究做一個很好的鋪墊，同時為中國擁有南中國海主權(quán)的進一步論證增添新的資料，以期為和平解決南中國海爭端的研究添磚加瓦，為臺海兩岸合作共同解決南中國海爭端貢獻出一份力量。
[Abstract]:The maritime problem became increasingly prominent in the 1970s with the tension of oil and other biological resources and the discovery of marine resources by the development of modern science and technology. China has an absolute claim to sovereignty over the South China Sea. However, due to the complexity of the delimitation of the South China Sea area and the problems left over by history, the international situation in this area is extremely tense. At present, the South Asian countries parties to the South China Sea dispute have made their own claims for their rights and interests in the South China Sea, the United States. Japan, India and other foreign powers have also expressed concern over the South China Sea issue because of their economic interests, national foreign policy and strategic needs. The parties involved in the sovereignty dispute over islands and reefs are mainly concentrated on the "five countries and six parties", including Taiwan. There are a lot of studies on the policy of the South China Sea by domestic scholars, but very few on the policy of the Taiwan authorities. This paper systematically analyzes the South China Sea policy of the Taiwan authorities during the two Chiang dynasties by taking the policy as the starting point. The South China Sea policy of the Chinese government during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949) was compared with that of the Taiwan authorities during the two Chiang dynasties (1949-1988), and the behavior of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea during the period of the two Chiang dynasties was comprehensively analyzed. The main contradiction among the parties to the dispute in the South China Sea lies in the question of territorial rights and control over the sea. Because of the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas and other resources, the contradiction is intensified, while only the Nansha Islands are rich in oil resources among the major islands. Therefore, the South China Sea dispute is mainly the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands and the delimitation of the South China Sea. During the period of the Republic of China, the Chinese government waged a long struggle with Japan on Dongsha Island, and also named, managed and developed the islands in the South China Sea. During their reign in Taiwan, Chiang and his son insisted that the "sovereignty" of the South China Sea belonged to the Republic of China. The Taiwan authorities have always stationed their troops on the Taiping Island, the largest island in the Nansha Islands. Under the premise of the "one China" principle, during the two Chiang Kai-shek periods, After lifting the martial law policy, the Taiwan authorities successively passed the Law on the Territorial Sea and the Territorial areas, the Law on exclusive Economic Sea and the mainland Reef layer, and some marine policy programs. In action, however, the control over the Nansha Islands has been weakened. Due to the existence of Taiwan independence forces on the island, the policy of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea has great destabilizing factors. There is insufficient coordination between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait in the development practice of the South China Sea, so we should raise the development of the South China Sea to a theoretical level, strengthen development cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait in the South China Sea at the policy level, and effectively safeguard national sovereignty. The purpose of this study is to safeguard the rights and interests of the Chinese nation in the South China Sea, and to conduct a systematic and comprehensive study of the policies of the Taiwan authorities in the South China Sea during the two Chiang Kai-shek periods. It is hoped that it can pave the way for the overall study of Taiwan's South China Sea policy, and at the same time add new materials to the further argument that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea, with a view to contributing to the study of the peaceful settlement of disputes in the South China Sea. To contribute to the joint efforts of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to resolve disputes in the South China Sea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D675.8;K27

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