發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-28 12:44

  本文選題：新中國初期　切入點(diǎn)：托兒組織　出處：《山西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)幼兒的保育和教育自古以來就受到國家與社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注,但是近代化的托兒組織是20世紀(jì)初在西方的影響下開始創(chuàng)辦和出現(xiàn)的。新中國成立初期黨和政府對(duì)婦女解放和兒童的健康成長給予了一定的重視,同時(shí)在百廢待興的局面下,黨和政府大力倡導(dǎo)婦女積極參與社會(huì)生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng),而孩子的拖累成為了婦女參加生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)的阻力,托兒組織在這樣的情況下得到了建立和發(fā)展,并取得了一定的成效。托兒組織根據(jù)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的需要,在國家政策的引導(dǎo)下得到建立和發(fā)展,在其發(fā)展的過程中婦女思想觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變以及參與積極性的提高促進(jìn)了它的順利發(fā)展。由于城市和農(nóng)村條件的差異,托兒組織在發(fā)展過程中形成了不同的組織形式。在城市地區(qū),主要是以工礦企業(yè)托兒所和街道托兒所為主要的組織形式。在廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū),主要形成了農(nóng)忙托兒所和農(nóng)忙托兒互助小組等組織形式。這些托兒組織的發(fā)展,不僅保障了幼兒的身體健康,還培養(yǎng)了幼兒良好的生活習(xí)慣,極大地促進(jìn)了我國當(dāng)時(shí)幼兒保育和教育工作的發(fā)展。此外,托兒組織的發(fā)展,在一定程度上也解放了婦女勞動(dòng)力,改善了她們的社會(huì)地位,促進(jìn)了建國初期婦女解放事業(yè)的進(jìn)步。托兒組織雖然對(duì)婦女解放和兒童保育事業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極的影響,但在其發(fā)展的過程中,由于物質(zhì)資料短缺,保育人員的質(zhì)量與數(shù)量得不到保障,以及管理不善等原因,也給這個(gè)組織的健康發(fā)展帶來了很大的不利。本文將新中國初期托兒組織作為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用所掌握的史料,探討分析了這一組織的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)、不同地區(qū)的組織形式和特點(diǎn)、以及對(duì)幼兒保育和婦女解放事業(yè)的影響,旨在為當(dāng)前我國這兩項(xiàng)事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展提供些許的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和借鑒。
[Abstract]:The care and education of young children have received extensive attention from the state and society since ancient times. However, the modern childcare organizations began to be established and emerged in the early 20th century under the influence of the West. In the early days of the founding of New China, the party and government paid some attention to the emancipation of women and the healthy growth of children. The Party and the government strongly advocated the active participation of women in productive labour in society, and the drag on children became an obstacle for women to participate in productive labour. Child care organizations were established and developed under such circumstances. In accordance with the needs of production practice, child care organizations have been established and developed under the guidance of national policies. As a result of the differences between urban and rural conditions, childcare organizations have formed different forms of organization in the course of their development. Mainly in the form of industrial and mining enterprise nurseries and street nurseries. In the vast rural areas, the main forms of organization have been formed, such as busy nurseries and mutual aid groups for children in rural areas. The development of these childcare organizations, It not only safeguarded the health of young children, but also cultivated their good living habits, which greatly promoted the development of early childhood care and education in China at that time. In addition, the development of childcare organizations also liberated the female labor force to a certain extent. It has improved their social status and contributed to the advancement of the cause of women's liberation in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic. Although childcare organizations have had a positive impact on the development of the cause of women's liberation and child care, in the course of their development, due to a shortage of material information, The quality and quantity of conservationists are not guaranteed, and some other reasons, such as poor management, also bring great disadvantages to the healthy development of this organization. This paper discusses and analyzes the development context of this organization, the organizational forms and characteristics of different regions, and its influence on the cause of early childhood care and women's liberation, in order to provide some experience and reference for the healthy development of these two undertakings in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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