本文選題：清末民初　切入點(diǎn)：丁義華　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末民初是近代中國(guó)社會(huì)政治動(dòng)蕩、思想意識(shí)活躍的一個(gè)時(shí)期。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)敗以及《南京條約》的簽訂,使得中國(guó)的社會(huì)性質(zhì)開始發(fā)生變化。隨著中國(guó)與西方社會(huì)接觸交流的擴(kuò)大,中國(guó)日益感受到與西方的差距。如何改變中國(guó)的現(xiàn)狀,成為當(dāng)時(shí)有識(shí)之士高度關(guān)注的問題。進(jìn)行社會(huì)改良成為其中一條重要的道路。在當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)社會(huì)進(jìn)行社會(huì)改良活動(dòng)的,除了本土的政治家,還包括來(lái)華傳教士。本篇論文所論述的美國(guó)來(lái)華傳教士丁義華牧師正是其中具有代表性的一位。丁義華牧師(Edward Waite Thwing,1868——?),早年在普林斯頓神學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí),受美國(guó)海外傳教運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,于1887年來(lái)到中國(guó),開始他的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。1908年他接受美國(guó)萬(wàn)國(guó)改良總會(huì)的職務(wù)派遣,進(jìn)一步在中國(guó)開展禁毒運(yùn)動(dòng)。 丁義華的在華活動(dòng),是在詳盡的社會(huì)調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上完成的。主要分為兩個(gè)方面：第一方面,在華禁煙活動(dòng)。這是丁義華1908年接受美萬(wàn)國(guó)改良公會(huì)派遣的主要任務(wù),他從中、外雙方同時(shí)調(diào)查,從鴉片的栽種、運(yùn)輸、販賣、吸食等方面詳盡的考察。針對(duì)鴉片泛濫的嚴(yán)重問題,他借鑒科學(xué)戒毒方式,從禁運(yùn)、禁賣、禁吸、焚燒煙具、倡議良好生活風(fēng)氣等方面勸誡中國(guó)人戒煙。同時(shí)還積極同政府進(jìn)行合作,連續(xù)受聘于孫中山臨時(shí)民國(guó)政府、袁世凱民國(guó)政府的禁煙顧問,提出了一系列切實(shí)可行的禁煙措施。禁煙運(yùn)動(dòng)收到了良好的效果；第二方面,是丁義華在民國(guó)時(shí)期的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。丁義華將西方文明社會(huì)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、生活方式向近代中國(guó)社會(huì)進(jìn)行宣講、傳播。丁義華在華活動(dòng)數(shù)十年,始終按照中國(guó)社會(huì)和中國(guó)人的實(shí)際需要,不間斷地介紹西方的生活方式。他的這一做法,客觀上對(duì)于中國(guó)社會(huì)邁向現(xiàn)代化起到了一定的促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were a period of social and political turbulence and active ideology in modern China. The defeat of the Opium War and the signing of the Nanjing Treaty. The social nature of China has begun to change. With the expansion of contacts and exchanges between China and the West, China is increasingly feeling the gap with the West. How to change the status quo in China, It became a matter of great concern to people of insight at that time. Social reform became one of the important roads. At that time, apart from local politicians, the Chinese society was engaged in social reform activities. It also includes missionaries in China. Reverend Ding Yihua, the American missionary in this thesis, is one of them. In his early years, he studied at Princeton Theological Seminary. Influenced by the American overseas missionary movement, he came to China in 1887 and began his social activities. In 1908, he received a post from the General Assembly of American Reformation to further carry out the anti-drug campaign in China. Ding Yihua's activities in China were completed on the basis of detailed social investigations. They are mainly divided into two aspects: first, anti-smoking activities in China. This was the main task of Ding Yihua, who was sent by the American Society for Reform in 1908. At the same time, both sides investigated and investigated in detail the cultivation, transportation, trafficking, and smoking of opium. In view of the serious problem of the spread of opium, he drew lessons from scientific methods of detoxification, from embargo, ban on sale, ban on smoking, and burning of tobacco. He urged the Chinese to give up smoking by advocating a good atmosphere of living. At the same time, they also actively cooperated with the government and were hired continuously by the temporary government of Sun Zhongshan, the anti-smoking adviser of the government of the Republic of Yuan Shikai. Put forward a series of practical anti-smoking measures. The anti-smoking campaign has achieved good results. Second, Ding Yihua's social activities during the Republic of China. Ding Yihua brought about the customs and habits of the western civilized society. The way of life was preached and disseminated to modern Chinese society. Ding Yihua's activities in China for decades have been consistent with the actual needs of the Chinese society and the Chinese people, introducing the Western way of life uninterruptedly. This is his practice. Objectively speaking, it has played a certain role in promoting the modernization of Chinese society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K251

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