本文選題：晚清　切入點：修學(xué)旅游　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后,清政府開始逐步認(rèn)識到中西方之間的巨大差距,學(xué)習(xí)西方先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)以抵抗外侮成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。在這樣的特殊背景之下,晚清海外修學(xué)旅游政策經(jīng)歷了萌芽、產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、高潮、穩(wěn)定等五個歷史階段。不同階段的政策與各自所處的時代環(huán)境結(jié)合起來,顯示出鮮明的階段特征。在這一政策的指引下,大批中國留學(xué)生前往歐美日等發(fā)達(dá)國家進(jìn)行海外修學(xué)旅游,以游促學(xué),學(xué)游并舉。 晚清海外修學(xué)旅游政策包括人員選派、目的地國家、管理與獎勵三大方面的內(nèi)容。人員選派涉及了選派機(jī)構(gòu)、經(jīng)費、資格條件;目的地國家涉及到歐洲諸國、美國和日本,以及選擇上述國家的原因;管理政策包括管理機(jī)構(gòu)與管理措施;獎勵政策指的是清政府為鼓勵留學(xué)生出國以官職和出身作為獎勵的一系列辦法。在晚清海外修學(xué)旅游的萌芽、產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展階段,此政策經(jīng)歷了從無到有的發(fā)展歷程,具有重大的歷史意義,同時又暴露出不規(guī)范性、不穩(wěn)定性與政策力度偏小的缺陷。甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭以后至1905年學(xué)部成立之前,清政府加速了海外修學(xué)旅游政策的制定和頒布,政策力度逐步加大,體系完整,但仍然缺少統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃,沒有專職機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行專門管理。隨著科舉制度的廢除與學(xué)部的成立,學(xué)部與外務(wù)部成為管理海外修學(xué)旅游的主要機(jī)構(gòu),表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定性、規(guī)范性和成熟性的特點。 “中體西用”思想一直是晚清海外修學(xué)旅游政策最顯著的特點和指導(dǎo)原則。從留學(xué)生資格的限制到目的地國家的選擇,從留學(xué)生管理機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置到管理措施,“中體西用”思想都貫徹海外修學(xué)旅游政策的始終。盡管晚清海外修學(xué)旅游政策在指導(dǎo)思想上暴露出封建式的局限性,但是它仍然在中國近代歷史上產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, the Qing government began to gradually realize the huge gap between China and the West, and learning advanced western science and technology to resist foreign aggression became a top priority. Under such a special background, the overseas study and tourism policy of the late Qing Dynasty experienced its infancy. Emergence, development, climax and stability are five historical stages. The policies of different stages are combined with the environment of their respective times, showing distinct phase characteristics. Under the guidance of this policy, A large number of Chinese students travel to developed countries, such as Europe, America and Japan. The overseas student tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty included three major aspects: personnel selection, destination country, management and reward. Personnel selection involved the selection organization, funds, and qualifications; the destination country involved European countries, the United States and Japan. As well as the reasons for choosing the above-mentioned countries; the management policies include management institutions and management measures; the reward policy refers to a series of measures used by the Qing government to encourage foreign students to go abroad to receive official posts and birth as rewards. This policy has experienced a process of development from scratch to existence, which is of great historical significance, and at the same time, it has exposed its irregularity. From the Sino-Japanese War to 1905 before the establishment of the Ministry of Studies, the Qing government accelerated the formulation and promulgation of the overseas study tourism policy, and the policy was gradually strengthened and the system was complete. With the abolition of the imperial examination system and the establishment of the Ministry of Studies, the Ministry of Education and the Foreign Department became the main institutions for managing overseas study tourism, showing stability. The characteristic of normality and maturity. The thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the West" has always been the most prominent feature and guiding principle of the overseas study tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty, from the limitation of the qualification of foreign students to the choice of the destination country. From the setting up of the overseas student management organization to the management measures, the thought of "using the Chinese as the west" carried out the overseas study tourism policy from beginning to end, although the overseas study tourism policy in the late Qing Dynasty exposed the feudal limitation in the guiding ideology. But it still produced important influence in Chinese modern history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F592.9;K252

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