本文選題：食鹽專(zhuān)賣(mài)　切入點(diǎn)：鹽務(wù)改革　出處：《近代史研究》2017年06期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

【摘要】：在新制度推行中,人們往往難以擺脫以往制度運(yùn)行中所形成的認(rèn)知和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響,從而傾向于利用原有的行為邏輯和觀(guān)念習(xí)性來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)新情形。民國(guó)初年被視為中國(guó)鹽務(wù)近代化的長(zhǎng)蘆鹽業(yè)自由貿(mào)易改革,其運(yùn)作過(guò)程實(shí)際上反映的是近代新舊制度、東西方思想之間的博弈與互動(dòng)。來(lái)自英國(guó)的丁恩試圖將西方"自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)"的經(jīng)濟(jì)理念帶入中國(guó)鹽業(yè)以增加中央政府鹽稅收入,但在長(zhǎng)期專(zhuān)商壟斷、官商勾結(jié)的中國(guó)鹽政體制下,這一改革主張并未能輕易達(dá)成。事實(shí)上,以張弧為首的中國(guó)官員與商人,利用前清鹽業(yè)舊制的邏輯來(lái)包裝新政策,借自由貿(mào)易之名,行包商壟斷之實(shí)。他們先是通過(guò)頒發(fā)販鹽特許證的形式,使"自由貿(mào)易"在表面上得以開(kāi)展,又以租辦方式私下從舊商手中壟斷特許證,并通過(guò)組織長(zhǎng)利公司進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng),成為新包商,"包攬轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)之利"。
[Abstract]:In the implementation of the new system, people often find it difficult to get rid of the influence of cognition and experience formed in the operation of the previous system. In the early period of the Republic of China, it was regarded as the free trade reform of Changlu salt industry in China, and its operation process actually reflected the new and old systems in modern times. The game and interaction between the East and the West. Ding, from Britain, tried to bring the western economic concept of "free competition" into China's salt industry in order to increase the central government's salt tax revenue, but under China's salt policy system, which had long been monopolized by special business and colluded by officials and businessmen, In fact, Chinese officials and businessmen, led by Zhang Gong, used the old logic of the salt industry in the former Qing Dynasty to package new policies in the name of free trade. The monopoly of bank contractors. First, they make "free trade" appear to be carried out by issuing salt concession cards, and they privately monopolize licences from old merchants through leasing, and they operate through the organization of profit-making companies. Become a new contractor, "all the benefits of transhipment."
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院近代史研究所;
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K258
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本文編號(hào)：1636595