本文選題：食鹽專賣　切入點：鹽務改革　出處：《近代史研究》2017年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：在新制度推行中,人們往往難以擺脫以往制度運行中所形成的認知和經(jīng)驗的影響,從而傾向于利用原有的行為邏輯和觀念習性來應對新情形。民國初年被視為中國鹽務近代化的長蘆鹽業(yè)自由貿(mào)易改革,其運作過程實際上反映的是近代新舊制度、東西方思想之間的博弈與互動。來自英國的丁恩試圖將西方"自由競爭"的經(jīng)濟理念帶入中國鹽業(yè)以增加中央政府鹽稅收入,但在長期專商壟斷、官商勾結(jié)的中國鹽政體制下,這一改革主張并未能輕易達成。事實上,以張弧為首的中國官員與商人,利用前清鹽業(yè)舊制的邏輯來包裝新政策,借自由貿(mào)易之名,行包商壟斷之實。他們先是通過頒發(fā)販鹽特許證的形式,使"自由貿(mào)易"在表面上得以開展,又以租辦方式私下從舊商手中壟斷特許證,并通過組織長利公司進行經(jīng)營,成為新包商,"包攬轉(zhuǎn)運之利"。
[Abstract]:In the implementation of the new system, people often find it difficult to get rid of the influence of cognition and experience formed in the operation of the previous system. In the early period of the Republic of China, it was regarded as the free trade reform of Changlu salt industry in China, and its operation process actually reflected the new and old systems in modern times. The game and interaction between the East and the West. Ding, from Britain, tried to bring the western economic concept of "free competition" into China's salt industry in order to increase the central government's salt tax revenue, but under China's salt policy system, which had long been monopolized by special business and colluded by officials and businessmen, In fact, Chinese officials and businessmen, led by Zhang Gong, used the old logic of the salt industry in the former Qing Dynasty to package new policies in the name of free trade. The monopoly of bank contractors. First, they make "free trade" appear to be carried out by issuing salt concession cards, and they privately monopolize licences from old merchants through leasing, and they operate through the organization of profit-making companies. Become a new contractor, "all the benefits of transhipment."
【作者單位】： 中國社會科學院近代史研究所;
【分類號】：K258
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本文編號：1636595