本文選題：20世紀(jì)50年代　切入點(diǎn)：中國(guó)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二戰(zhàn)后,蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義日漸鞏固,且成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家,蘇聯(lián)取得的這些成就對(duì)于立志要實(shí)現(xiàn)人民解放、國(guó)家富強(qiáng)的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨來(lái)說,是震撼的,也是充滿誘惑的。新中國(guó)成立后,在內(nèi)外困難重重的國(guó)情背景下,中國(guó)順理成章的走上了學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的道路,并對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)展開了全方位、多領(lǐng)域的學(xué)習(xí)。其后,具有獨(dú)立自主傳統(tǒng)和走自己路經(jīng)驗(yàn)的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人很快走上把馬克思主義普遍原理與中國(guó)實(shí)際相結(jié)合即毛澤東所說的“第二次結(jié)合”的道路�？疾爝@段歷史,我們既要肯定其學(xué)習(xí)的必要性和通過學(xué)習(xí)所取得的偉大成績(jī),又要充分揭示學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中存在的一些問題,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。本文以建國(guó)前中共與蘇聯(lián)關(guān)系的微妙變化及后來(lái)中蘇兩國(guó)走向同盟為起因,通過分析中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的深層原因、曲折過程、具體表現(xiàn)及其影響,試圖以此為視角對(duì)五十年代這一段特殊的歷史做一個(gè)較為全面的解讀。論文共分為七個(gè)部分： 首先是緒論,其主要是對(duì)論文的研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法及創(chuàng)新之處作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。通過這些介紹進(jìn)一步指出本文研究的可行之處。 其次是正文。該部分在內(nèi)容上分為五章,第一章通過歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)兩個(gè)視角,對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的原因作了比較詳盡的分析。第二章對(duì)中共就如何學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)這一問題的辯論作了進(jìn)一步的分析,主要介紹了黨內(nèi)一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)建國(guó)路線及新中國(guó)工業(yè)化及農(nóng)業(yè)合作化道路的不同思考,從而對(duì)新中國(guó)如何選擇學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的這個(gè)決策作了更深一步的分析。第三章對(duì)這一時(shí)期全面學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的具體表現(xiàn)作了全方位的介紹,內(nèi)容涵括新中國(guó)的各個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域,有政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、科學(xué)文化及軍事等。第四章進(jìn)一步指出五十年代的這種學(xué)習(xí)也不是毫無(wú)保留的全面照搬,而是在學(xué)習(xí)的過程也有所保留和創(chuàng)新,雖然在今天看來(lái),這種創(chuàng)新畢竟還是有限的,但是就當(dāng)時(shí)那種特殊的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展環(huán)境而言,還是具有其時(shí)代意義的。第五章則對(duì)20世紀(jì)50年代新中國(guó)全面學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)做了一個(gè)全面客觀的評(píng)價(jià),指出新中國(guó)初期的這種抉擇是既有其歷史的必然性,又有其歷史的進(jìn)步性的。并從這種學(xué)習(xí)帶給新中國(guó)的積極作用和消極作用兩方面著手來(lái)對(duì)這段歷史進(jìn)行一個(gè)客觀的評(píng)價(jià),并就我們當(dāng)下正在進(jìn)行的改革開放,指出其的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)對(duì)我們今天中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的啟示作用。 最后在結(jié)語(yǔ)部分對(duì)論文作了進(jìn)一步的思考與總結(jié),指出學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)既要注意方法的問題,又要照顧到國(guó)情,并要將意識(shí)形態(tài)的對(duì)立與社會(huì)主義建設(shè)所采用的方式手段兩者分開來(lái)看待。通覽全文,我們得出一個(gè)結(jié)論,無(wú)論是當(dāng)下還是未來(lái),任何一個(gè)國(guó)家,資本主義國(guó)家也好,社會(huì)主義國(guó)家也好,在借用別國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)發(fā)展本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)候,都一定要時(shí)刻保持一個(gè)清醒的頭腦,既要取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,又要照顧本國(guó)的實(shí)際,這不但是我國(guó)發(fā)展的真理,也是全世界各國(guó)發(fā)展的真理。只有堅(jiān)持這條真理,國(guó)家才能得到長(zhǎng)足有效的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, the Soviet Union socialism gradually consolidated, and become a powerful socialist country, the Soviet Union made these achievements to aspire to achieve liberation and prosperity of the country China Communist Party, is a shock, but also full of temptation. After the founding of new China, inside and outside the difficult conditions, the logical Chinese go on the study of Soviet Socialist Construction Road, and construction experience of the Soviet Union launched a full range, multi field learning. Then, with independent tradition and his own way of experience China Communists very quickly on the Marx doctrine and the general principle of China combining what Mao Zedong called the "second combination" of the road. Reviewing the history of this period, we should not only affirm the necessity of learning and the great achievements gained through learning, but also to fully reveal the experience in learning foreign Some of the problems, summarize the experience and lessons. The subtle changes before the founding of the PRC relations with the Soviet Union and the Sino Soviet Alliance as the cause to the later, through the analysis of Chinese learning deep reasons, the Soviet Union and tortuous concrete manifestation and influence, from the perspective of trying to make a comprehensive interpretation of 50s this special history. This paper is divided into seven parts:
The first is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research significance, research status, research methods and innovations of the paper. Through these introductions, it further points out the feasibility of this research.
The second is the text. This part consists of five chapters, the first chapter through the two perspectives of history and reality, to learn from the Soviet Union China has made a detailed analysis. The second chapter of the Communist Party of China on how to learn the Soviet debate made further analysis, mainly introduces some party leaders of different thinking on the route and the new China industrialization and agricultural cooperation Road, and on how to choose the new Chinese analysis study this Soviet made decision further. The third chapter of this period, a comprehensive study of specific performance of the Soviet Union made a comprehensive introduction, important areas, including the new Chinese with politics the economy, education, science, culture and military. The fourth chapter further pointed out that in 50s the study is not without reservation to imitate, but in the process of learning and innovation have reservations, though But today, this kind of innovation is limited after all, but that kind of special international and domestic development environment, still has its significance. The fifth chapter of the 1950s new Chinese comprehensive study of the Soviet Union this movement made a comprehensive and objective evaluation, points out that the choice of new Chinese early is inevitable in history, and its historical progress. And from the two aspects of learning bring positive effects and negative effects of the new China do to make an objective evaluation of this period of history, and our ongoing reform and opening up, pointed out the implications of the experience and lessons for us today Chinese characteristics in the socialist construction.
In the concluding part of the thesis makes a further thinking and summary, pointed out that learning foreign experience not only to pay attention to methods, but also take care of the situation, and the differences and means of socialist construction ideology adopted separately. From the paper, we draw a conclusion, whether now or in the future. Any country, capitalist countries or socialist countries or, when borrowing the experience of other countries to the development of the national economy, must keep a clear mind, not only to make up for the deficiencies, but also take care of their own reality, this is not only China's development of the truth, but also the development of all countries in the world only adhere to the truth. This truth, the state can be rapid and effective development and progress.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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