本文選題：法國　切入點：清末　出處：《浙江大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：清末十余年間,各種社會矛盾錯綜復雜且又異常尖銳,各種政治力量爭斗消長且又重組突起,可以說濃縮了晚清中國的所有問題與希望。本文借助于法國人的視角和記憶重構歷史的理論對清末十余年歷史作跨文化的史學研究,力圖能對以往這段歷史研究以新的補充和拓展。 既然以法國人的視域為論文的研究視角,那就不可避免地受到法國人所能提供資料的限制。根據近代法國政府部門的檔案與近代法國主要報刊的報道可知,不僅對中國,而且給列強都帶來巨大震動的,就是發(fā)生在當時中國的三場政治運動：義和拳運動、“激進風潮”、革命運動。而它們便是清末中國大變局的主要構建者,也正是因為它們,滿清王朝再也無法照舊統(tǒng)治下去,中國民眾再也無法照舊生活下去,同樣在華列強也再也無法照舊控制中國下去。于是變局與應變從而構成了清末十余年歷史演繹的主線：皇太后宣戰(zhàn)與列強的回擊、“激進風潮”與列強的觀望、清帝退位與列強的抉擇。在法國人看來,清末變局的實質是中國各派政治力量圍繞著各自理解下的“中國出路”而彼此博弈、爭斗的結果,同時也是諸多列強影響與制衡的必然。 至于在華列強,自20世紀初以來,中國政局以及世界格局的劇烈變動,特別是日本的崛起以及全世界范圍反德同盟的形成等因素,列強在華的制衡格局實際上也在悄然地發(fā)生著變化,不過均勢局面仍繼續(xù)保持著。同時也正是基于當時在華的共同利益,即共享中國、共治中國,所以利益訴求迥異的列強,可以在面對中國不同變局之時,憑借一個強大的群體力量,得以比較從容地應對,甚至化解來自中國內部的挑戰(zhàn)和沖擊,從而在進一步鞏固在華特權的同時,又強化了對中國的控制。 論文依托法國人的視野,將清末的政治變局與以法國為代表的列強之應對作為研究對象,無疑是一次多元文化研究的嘗試與探索。此外通過對法國外交部為主的官方檔案以及法國本土主流報刊為代表的民間資料的激活,通過對以義和拳運動、奪回利權運動和辛亥革命運動這三大歷史場景予以新的解讀,從而在重構近代中國的新陳代謝與外部環(huán)境,特別是與列強互為影響的歷史關聯的同時,能對同時期清末的歷史結局、列強的應對策略進行一番審視,而這必將有助于我們對于近代“中國出路”的這一歷史問題作出更深層次的思考。
[Abstract]:During the last ten years of the Qing Dynasty, various social contradictions were complicated and extremely sharp. It can be said that it condensed all the problems and hopes of China in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper, with the help of the French perspective and the theory of reconstructing the history of memory, makes a cross-cultural historical study of the history of the late Qing Dynasty in the last ten years. Try to be able to this section of historical research in the past with new supplement and expand. Since the perspective of the study is from the perspective of the French, it is inevitably limited by the information that the French can provide. According to the archives of modern French government departments and the reports of major French newspapers and periodicals in modern times, it is not only for China, And what caused great shock to the great powers was the three political movements that took place in China at that time: the Yihequan movement, the "radical wave", and the revolutionary movement. And they were the main architects of the great changes in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and precisely because of them. The Manchu dynasty could no longer rule, and the Chinese people could no longer live as usual. In the same way, the great powers in China could no longer control China as usual. Thus, changes and changes formed the main line of historical deduction in the late Qing Dynasty for more than a decade: the Queen Mother declared war and the return of the powers, the "radical tide" and the wait-and-see of the powers. The choice between the abdication of the Qing emperor and the great powers. In the eyes of the French, the essence of the change in the late Qing Dynasty was the result of the Chinese political forces playing games and fighting among themselves around the "Chinese way out" understood by them. At the same time, it is the necessity of the influence and balance of many powers. As for the great powers in China, since the beginning of 20th century, the political situation in China and the world structure have changed dramatically, especially the rise of Japan and the formation of anti-German alliances around the world. The checks and balances of the great powers in China are actually changing quietly, but the balance of power continues to be maintained. At the same time, it is precisely on the basis of the common interests in China at that time, that is, sharing China and ruling China together, so the powers with very different interests have very different interests. In the face of the different changes in China, with a strong group force, we can relatively calmly deal with, or even resolve, the challenges and shocks from within China, thereby further consolidating our privileges in China. And strengthened control over China. Relying on the vision of the French, the thesis takes the political changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the responses of the great powers represented by France as the research objects. It is undoubtedly an attempt and exploration of multicultural research. In addition, through the activation of the official archives of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the folk materials represented by the mainstream French newspapers and periodicals, and through the movement of righteousness and boxing, In order to reconstruct the metabolism and external environment of modern China, especially the historical connection with the great powers, the three historical scenes of retaking the right of profit and the Revolution of 1911 were interpreted in a new way. The historical outcome of the late Qing Dynasty in the same period and the coping strategies of the powers can be examined, and this will certainly help us to make a deeper reflection on the historical issue of "the way out of China" in modern times.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K252

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 房德鄰;《萬國公報》與戊戌變法[J];北京師范大學學報;1986年06期

2 張慶海;20世紀法國暨中法關系國際研討會綜述[J];世界歷史;2003年02期

3 葛夫平;論義和團運動時期的法國對華外交[J];近代史研究;2000年02期

4 鄭師渠;《萬國公報》與中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭[J];近代史研究;2001年04期

5 張繼濤,朱麗霞;他山之石:從《紐約時報》的視角看晚清廢除科舉的必要[J];濟南大學學報(社會科學版);2004年05期

6 戴海斌;;“東南互保”之另面——1900年英軍登陸上海事件考釋[J];史林;2010年04期

7 黃新憲;《萬國公報》與中國教育的近代化[J];南京師大學報(社會科學版);1996年01期

8 王曉焰;19世紀上半葉法國對華政策的主要特征[J];首都師范大學學報(社會科學版);1999年02期

9 鐘勇華;;域外視點:從《紐約時報》的視角看晚清政治轉型的必要[J];社科縱橫(新理論版);2007年01期

10 何文賢;;晚清中外關系的一塊晴雨表——《北華捷報》的特點及其影響[J];溫州大學學報(社會科學版);2007年06期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 王濤;清軍火器、軍制與戰(zhàn)爭[D];復旦大學;2007年

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

1 張敏;《盛京時報》與清末憲政（1906——1911）[D];蘇州大學;2003年

2 陳e，

本文編號：1615996