本文選題：清末　切入點(diǎn)：安徽　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)自古以農(nóng)立國(guó),農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)高度發(fā)達(dá)。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后,中國(guó)遭遇“數(shù)千年未有之變局”,整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)發(fā)生了深刻的變化,加之戰(zhàn)亂、災(zāi)害、政府搜刮等因,傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)日趨衰退。與此同時(shí),清政府難以應(yīng)對(duì)列強(qiáng)發(fā)動(dòng)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),頻頻賠款割地,喪權(quán)辱國(guó),民族危機(jī)日漸加深。到了19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,接連發(fā)生的甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),不僅進(jìn)一步激化了民族危機(jī),而且大大加重了清政府的財(cái)政危機(jī)。為了緩解空前嚴(yán)重的民族危機(jī),扭轉(zhuǎn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的頹勢(shì),增加政府收入,清政府從1895年開(kāi)始注重采用西方先進(jìn)的方法技術(shù)來(lái)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)。特別是1898年的戊戌變法和1901年開(kāi)始的“新政”,清政府在“參酌中西政要”的基礎(chǔ)上,出臺(tái)了一系列旨在革新農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、振興農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的法令和舉措,諭令全國(guó)各地切實(shí)執(zhí)行。安徽政府對(duì)這些法令和舉措的執(zhí)行和貫徹較為認(rèn)真,對(duì)安徽農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生了較為深刻的影響。本文分為四大部分： 第一部分是緒論部分,主要內(nèi)容包括選題旨趣與學(xué)術(shù)前史、研究年限的界定、研究意義、研究方法、研究?jī)?nèi)容以及史料來(lái)源。 第二部分是農(nóng)業(yè)改革的背景分析,即正文的第一章。安徽政府之所以進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)改革,首先與安徽農(nóng)業(yè)當(dāng)時(shí)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r分不開(kāi)。安徽農(nóng)業(yè)自從太平軍進(jìn)入安徽之后遭到極大的破壞；而農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平的低下,也致使農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)萎縮。同時(shí),由于鴉片的泛濫,安徽境內(nèi)的罌粟種植快速擴(kuò)展,占用了大量的農(nóng)田和農(nóng)力。不過(guò),在外國(guó)資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的入侵下,安徽某些商品性農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)有了一定的發(fā)展,而某些商品性農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)卻出現(xiàn)了困境,生產(chǎn)倒退。其次與清政府的態(tài)度分不開(kāi)。清政府從1895年開(kāi)始不斷的飭令和督促各地督撫振興農(nóng)業(yè),大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 第三部分是農(nóng)業(yè)改革的具體舉措,即正文的第二章至第四章。在清政府的飭令下,安徽政府根據(jù)安徽農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,首先設(shè)立專門的農(nóng)政機(jī)構(gòu)以提倡和督導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。并根據(jù)安徽荒山荒地較多這一情況,大力開(kāi)展清查荒地、鼓勵(lì)墾荒、推廣經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植以及倡辦農(nóng)墾公司等改革舉措,努力振興農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。為了聯(lián)合社會(huì),開(kāi)通風(fēng)氣,安徽政府支持創(chuàng)辦了農(nóng)會(huì)。同時(shí),大力興修水利,嚴(yán)厲禁種罌粟。為了改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù),開(kāi)拓利源,安徽政府還培養(yǎng)新式的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人才試驗(yàn)和研究近代農(nóng)業(yè)科技,并引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和農(nóng)業(yè)作物。 第四部分是辨證看待農(nóng)業(yè)改革,總結(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)改革的成效與局限。安徽農(nóng)業(yè)改革前后持續(xù)了十幾年,確實(shí)取得了一定的成效,推動(dòng)了安徽農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展。但是在這過(guò)程中也存在諸多制約因素,導(dǎo)致改革的成效有限,無(wú)法取得更大的成績(jī)。
[Abstract]:China is an old agricultural country, agricultural production is highly developed. After the Opium War, Chinese suffered unprecedented change in the situation ", has undergone profound changes, the development trend of the whole society and war, disaster and other plunder by the government, the traditional agricultural production declined. At the same time, the Qing government to deal with the war of aggression powers launched, frequently claim territory, humiliating, the national crisis deepened. By the end of nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, a spate of Sino Japanese War and Allied invasion of China, not only further intensified the national crisis, but also greatly increase the financial crisis of the Qing government. In order to alleviate the unprecedented national crisis, reversing the decline of agricultural development, increase government revenue, the Qing government from 1895 began to focus on the use of western advanced technology for agricultural development. Especially in 1898 the reform movement of 1898 and the beginning of the 1901" New Deal ", the Qing government based on" based on Chinese and Western politicians, unveiled a series of reform of agricultural production, the revitalization of the agricultural economy laws and measures, request to execute orders throughout the country. The government of Anhui on these laws and measures of execution and implementation more seriously, on Anhui agricultural industry development and progress has a profound effect this paper is divided into four parts:
The first part is the introduction. The main contents include the definition and research history, the definition of research years, research significance, research methods, research contents and sources of historical data.
The second part is the analysis of the background of the reform of agriculture, which is the first chapter of the text. The government of Anhui's agricultural reforms, first with the development conditions of Anhui agriculture inseparable. Anhui agriculture since the Taiping army into Anhui has been greatly damaged; and the production technology of agricultural water level is low, resulting in shrinking agricultural production. At the same time. Due to the spread of opium poppy cultivation in Anhui Province, the rapid expansion, occupy a lot of farmland and farm power. However, the invasion of foreign capitalist economy, Anhui some commercial agriculture economy has a certain development, and some commercial agriculture economy has appeared in the production difficulties, and the Qing government's second setback. Attitude inseparable. The Qing government began to urge the governors and the revitalization of agriculture from 1895, to develop agricultural production.
The third part is the specific measures of agricultural reform, the body of the second chapter to the fourth chapter. The Qing government ordered by the government of Anhui, according to the development of agriculture in Anhui, the first to promote agricultural production and supervision set up agricultural specialized institutions. And according to the situation of Anhui barren wasteland more, vigorously carry out the inventory of land, encourage reclamation and the spread of economic crops and promote do farm companies reform initiatives, efforts to revitalize the agricultural production. In order to society, open atmosphere, the support of the government of Anhui founded farmers'association. At the same time, vigorously building water conservancy projects, ban opium poppy sharply. In order to improve agricultural production technology, develop Liyuan, Anhui government also cultivate new talent in agricultural technology test and study of modern agricultural science and technology, and the introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and agricultural crops.
The fourth part is the dialectical view on agricultural reform, summarizes the achievements and limitations of agricultural reform. Anhui agricultural reform lasted for more than ten years, and has achieved some success, to promote the progress and development of agriculture in Anhui. But there are also many restricting factors in the process, resulting in limited effectiveness of the reform, to make greater achievements.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K252;F329

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本文編號(hào)：1595669