本文選題：政聞社　切入點(diǎn)：清末立憲運(yùn)動(dòng)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：政聞社是海外立憲派在東京組建而成的立憲團(tuán)體。準(zhǔn)確來說，政聞社成立的歷史大背景是官制改革結(jié)果的頒布，而不是預(yù)備立憲詔諭的頒發(fā)。梁?jiǎn)⒊热艘虿粷M官制改革結(jié)果，才欲成立組織促進(jìn)清政府立憲進(jìn)程。在梁?jiǎn)⒊麄兛磥�，組建政聞社，不僅可以與在海外活動(dòng)的革命派相抗衡，遏制他們勢(shì)力發(fā)展，還可以廣收政治人才，服務(wù)社會(huì)；建成政治、輿論之表示機(jī)關(guān)，培養(yǎng)國民程度；監(jiān)督和改造政府，推進(jìn)立憲。在籌建政聞社過程中，梁?jiǎn)⒊热司涂涤袨槭欠袢朦h、政聞社本部、政聞社籌建方式、干部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、職員章程、與其他立憲團(tuán)體黨派之間關(guān)系等問題進(jìn)行多番討論，意見不完全相同。1907年10月17日，政聞社正式成立，其先后發(fā)表宣言書、社約、社員簡(jiǎn)章等文件，對(duì)政聞社的宗旨、主義、政治綱領(lǐng)、組織、職員設(shè)置等做了具體規(guī)定。1908年8月13日，清廷下旨查禁政聞社。其中陳景仁案及海外二百埠華僑請(qǐng)?jiān)笗钦勆绫徊榻膶?dǎo)火線，其不僅將政聞社暴露在清政府的眼皮下，而且激起清政府對(duì)康梁的仇恨。根據(jù)清政府頒布的嚴(yán)懲陳景仁和查禁政聞社兩道諭旨，清政府對(duì)康梁的仇恨是政聞社被查禁的直接原因。根本原因則是立憲運(yùn)動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展，清政府為了遏制立憲團(tuán)體的速開國會(huì)請(qǐng)?jiān)高\(yùn)動(dòng)。政聞社成立后的主要活動(dòng)有：創(chuàng)辦機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)《政論》，從國會(huì)、政黨、地方自治等方面宣傳立憲；積極回應(yīng)國內(nèi)反帝愛國民族運(yùn)動(dòng)，，支持蘇杭甬路權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)、二辰丸事件及抵制日貨運(yùn)動(dòng)；籌辦《江漢公報(bào)》及江漢公學(xué)，因種種原因未能辦成；組建國會(huì)期成會(huì)，組織及參與國會(huì)請(qǐng)?jiān)高\(yùn)動(dòng)。政聞社的成立、查禁、活動(dòng)與清政府、立憲派、革命派息息相關(guān)。政聞社與清政府、立憲派、革命派之間的關(guān)系具體體現(xiàn)為康梁派與三者之間的關(guān)系。政聞社并無推翻清政府之心，其旨在改造清政府，它制定“上層路線”策略，積極聯(lián)絡(luò)清廷大員，企圖獲得支持，便于活動(dòng)，但是不被清政府接受，反遭查封。政聞社一度想將國內(nèi)立憲派招入麾下，有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)立憲派之意圖，但是不被國內(nèi)立憲派承認(rèn)，其與國內(nèi)立憲派之間既有合作又有斗爭(zhēng)。政聞社在海外與革命派進(jìn)行了激烈的斗爭(zhēng)，雙方在拒款保路運(yùn)動(dòng)、二辰丸事件乃至抵制日貨運(yùn)動(dòng)中互有沖突，革命派破壞政聞社成立大會(huì)，革命報(bào)刊對(duì)其的攻訐，已經(jīng)超出了黨派斗爭(zhēng)的范圍。政聞社存在雖然不到一年，但它團(tuán)結(jié)了國外及國內(nèi)部分立憲派人士，增強(qiáng)了立憲派實(shí)力，它的活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了清末立憲運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)程，清政府將其查禁，暴露了清政府對(duì)立憲政治的態(tài)度，引發(fā)國人對(duì)清政府的抨擊。
[Abstract]:The Chengwen Society is a constitutional organization formed in Tokyo by overseas constitutionalists. To be precise, the historical background of the establishment of the Society is the promulgation of the results of the official system reform, not the preparation of the issuance of the decree. Liang Qichao and others are dissatisfied with the results of the official system reform. In Liang Qichao's view, the establishment of the political news society could not only counteract the revolutionaries operating overseas, but also curb the development of their forces, but also bring in political talents and serve the society. In the process of establishing a political news cooperative, Liang Qichao and others discussed whether Kang Youwei would join the party, the political news society headquarters, the political news cooperative organization, the way the political news co-operative was to be established, and the cadres' standard. The staff charter, relations with other constitutional organizations and parties have been discussed many times, but their views are not identical. In October 17th 1907, the Chengwen Society was formally established, and it successively issued documents such as a manifesto, a social covenant, a brief charter for members, and so on. The aim, doctrine, political program, organization and staff establishment of the political news cooperative were specified. In August 13th 1908, the Qing government issued a decree to ban the political news agency. Among them, the Chen Jingren case and the overseas Chinese petition of 200 ports were the fuse for the political news society to be banned. It not only exposed the Zheng Wen Society to the eyes of the Qing government, but also aroused the Qing government's hatred towards Kang Liang. According to the two decrees issued by the Qing government to severely punish Chen Jingren and ban the political news society, The hatred of the Qing government towards Kang Liang was the direct cause of the ban on the political news society. The root cause was the vigorous development of the constitutional movement. The main activities of the Qing government after the establishment of the political news society included the establishment of a government newspaper, propaganda for the constitution from the Congress, political parties, and local autonomy, and a positive response to the domestic anti-imperialist patriotic national movement. To support the Suzhou, Hangzhou-Ningbo Road Rights Movement, the Erchen Maru incident and the boycott of Japanese goods; to organize the Jianghan Communique and the Jianghan Public School, which could not be completed for various reasons; to form a parliamentary session to organize and participate in the parliamentary petition movement; and to organize and participate in the parliamentary petition movement, the establishment of the political news society and the ban on the establishment of the political news society. The activities are closely related to the Qing government, the constitutionalists and the revolutionaries. The relationship between the political news society and the Qing government, the constitutional school and the revolutionary school is embodied in the relationship between the Kang Liang school and the three groups. The political news society did not overthrow the Qing government. It aims to reform the Qing government. It formulates a strategy of "upper line", actively liaises with members of the Qing government, and tries to gain support and facilitate activities, but it is not accepted by the Qing government, but is instead sealed up. At one time, the political news society wanted to enlist the domestic constitutionalists under its command. They have the intention to lead the constitutionalists, but they are not recognized by the domestic constitutionalists. They have both cooperation and struggle with the domestic constitutionalists. The Erchen Maru incident and even the boycott of Japanese goods were in conflict with each other. The revolutionary faction destroyed the founding meeting of the political news agency, and the revolutionary newspapers criticized it, which has gone beyond the scope of party struggle. Although the political news society existed for less than a year, But it unites some foreign and domestic constitutionalists and strengthens the strength of constitutionalists. Its activities promoted the process of constitutionalism movement in the late Qing Dynasty, which was banned by the Qing government, which exposed the Qing government's attitude towards constitutional politics. Triggered a Chinese attack on the Qing government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K257.5

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