本文選題：民國(guó)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：安徽　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后,中國(guó)被列強(qiáng)強(qiáng)行拉進(jìn)了世界市場(chǎng)。由于安徽缺少通商口岸和自然經(jīng)濟(jì)的抵制,對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展緩慢。1877年,蕪湖開埠,安徽有了直接的通商口岸,對(duì)外貿(mào)易迅速發(fā)展。進(jìn)入民國(guó)后,安徽對(duì)外貿(mào)易并沒有延續(xù)晚清時(shí)快速發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),而是呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)性增長(zhǎng)。商品結(jié)構(gòu)上出口以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為主,進(jìn)口以工業(yè)品為主。地理結(jié)構(gòu)上以國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易為主,主要對(duì)象是上海為核心的中部地區(qū),國(guó)際貿(mào)易以美國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)和香港為主。對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展也出現(xiàn)了一些新變化,商品結(jié)構(gòu)變化、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化增加、直接貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)變化、直接對(duì)外國(guó)貿(mào)易增加、在全國(guó)貿(mào)易中的地位下降、土貨進(jìn)口額逐漸大于洋貨進(jìn)口額。民國(guó)時(shí)期安徽是一個(gè)典型的農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各行業(yè)發(fā)展都較為落后。對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展雖然使得安徽淪為列強(qiáng)的原料產(chǎn)地及商品輸出地,安徽的礦業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)等各行業(yè)慘遭掠奪和壓榨。但是也為安徽發(fā)展帶來了技術(shù)、先進(jìn)機(jī)器等,推動(dòng)著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的緩慢發(fā)展。社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的緩慢發(fā)展也為對(duì)外貿(mào)易提供了重要支撐,出口商品生產(chǎn)、商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐步完善、進(jìn)口商品消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)、交通發(fā)展等為發(fā)展對(duì)外貿(mào)易提供了基本要素。然而,不可否認(rèn)的是安徽落后的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件了限制安徽對(duì)外貿(mào)易進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。民國(guó)時(shí)期安徽的對(duì)外貿(mào)易雖然總體呈發(fā)展趨勢(shì),但是依然存在著商品結(jié)構(gòu)單一、地理分布集中、政府干擾、經(jīng)營(yíng)主體失衡、通商口岸少的問題,從歷史中學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn),有利于推動(dòng)安徽現(xiàn)代對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, China was forcibly drawn into the world market by the powers. Due to the lack of trade ports and the resistance of natural economy in Anhui, foreign trade developed slowly. In 1877, Wuhu opened its port, and Anhui had a direct trade port. Foreign trade developed rapidly. After entering the Republic of China, Anhui's foreign trade did not continue the trend of rapid development in the late Qing Dynasty. Imports are mainly industrial products, domestic trade is the main geographical structure, the main target is the central region with Shanghai as the core, and the international trade is dominated by the United States, Japan, Britain and Hong Kong. Some new changes have also taken place in the development of foreign trade. The structure of commodities has changed, the commercialization of agricultural products has increased, the direct trading partners have changed, the direct trade to foreign countries has increased, and their status in national trade has declined. During the period of the Republic of China, Anhui was a typical agricultural area, and the development of social and economic sectors was relatively backward. Although the development of foreign trade made Anhui become the raw material origin and commodity export place of the great powers, Mining, agriculture, industry and other industries in Anhui have been plundered and squeezed. But it has also brought technology and advanced machinery to the development of Anhui. Promoting the slow development of the social economy. The slow development of the social economy has also provided important support for foreign trade, the production of export commodities, the gradual improvement of commercial networks, and the consumption market of imported commodities. However, it is undeniable that Anhui's backward social and economic conditions have restricted the further development of Anhui's foreign trade. Although Anhui's foreign trade generally showed a developing trend during the Republic of China, However, there are still some problems such as single commodity structure, centralized geographical distribution, government interference, imbalance of the main body of management and few commercial ports. Learning experience and lessons from history is conducive to promoting the development of Anhui's modern foreign trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K258

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