本文選題：民國時期　切入點：湘潭地區(qū)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：湘潭地區(qū)位于湖南省中部偏東,地處湘江下游。北連寧鄉(xiāng)縣、望城縣,東北鄰長沙縣,東接株洲市區(qū)、株洲縣,南與衡東縣、衡山縣接界,西南角與雙峰縣毗鄰,西與婁底漣源市接壤。本文研究民國時期湘潭地區(qū)主要是現(xiàn)今湘潭市所轄的湘潭縣、湘鄉(xiāng)縣以及韶山地區(qū)。民國時期湘潭地區(qū)受自然因素與社會因素的雙重影響,自然災(zāi)害頻繁,災(zāi)荒現(xiàn)象嚴重,其中尤以水旱災(zāi)害造成的破壞最為嚴重,也是湘潭地區(qū)的最主要自然災(zāi)害。此外,由于社會動蕩,救災(zāi)防災(zāi)不力,災(zāi)害往往會給地區(qū)發(fā)展帶來巨大的破壞與影響。隨著人類文明進程的演進以及經(jīng)濟與科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的日益發(fā)展,人類抵御自然災(zāi)害的能力也在不斷提升,但自然災(zāi)害本身是避免不了的,它既是一個歷史問題,也是現(xiàn)實的社會問題。因此,對湘潭地區(qū)的自然災(zāi)害研究有著十分重要的意義。本文在搜集民國時期湘潭地區(qū)自然災(zāi)害史料的基礎(chǔ)上,通過系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和概括,將全文大致分為六個章節(jié)進行闡述。第一部分是緒論,主要說明了選題緣由、研究意義以及目前對該專題的大概研究現(xiàn)狀等;第二部分闡述了民國時期湘潭地區(qū)的自然災(zāi)害概況,自然災(zāi)害類型主要有水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)、風災(zāi)以及冰凍災(zāi)害等,其中尤以水旱災(zāi)害發(fā)生最為頻繁,其他災(zāi)害則交替出現(xiàn);第三部分探討了自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的原因,主要包括兩個方面的因素,即自然因素與社會因素,自然因素主要有氣候條件和地形、地貌,社會因素主要包括戰(zhàn)亂影響、政治腐敗、經(jīng)濟貧窮、植被破壞嚴重等,其中自然因素是災(zāi)害發(fā)生的誘因,而真正導(dǎo)致災(zāi)荒形成的主因則往往是社會因素;第四部分主要分析了自然災(zāi)害產(chǎn)生的影響,主要表現(xiàn)在對人口的削減、社會經(jīng)濟的破壞以及容易造成社會動蕩等幾個方面;第五、六部分主要細述了民國時期湘潭地區(qū)的減災(zāi)防災(zāi)與賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)措施,減災(zāi)防災(zāi)方面的措施主要包括建倉儲量、興修水利、植樹造林等,賑災(zāi)救災(zāi)方面的措施主要有急賑、平糶、以工代賑、收容遣送以及賑災(zāi)機構(gòu)的設(shè)立等。另外,民間還出現(xiàn)了一些慈善機構(gòu)與福利性組織,在接濟災(zāi)民方面也做出了杰出的貢獻。民賑的興起在一定程度上打破了傳統(tǒng)的荒政模式,推動了荒政的近代化進程。總之,這些措施的實行在一定程度上緩解了災(zāi)荒的危害性,盡可能地減少了損失,穩(wěn)定了人民生活與社會秩序的安定。但是,自然災(zāi)害的不可避免性依舊給社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來了嚴重的破壞與損失,因此,自然災(zāi)害問題直到今天依然是我們社會所關(guān)注與研究的重點。
[Abstract]:Xiangtan area is located in east-central Hunan province, located in the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang river. Ningxiang county in the north, Wangcheng county in the northeast, Changsha county in the northeast, Zhuzhou district in the east, Zhuzhou county in the east, Hengdong county in the south, Hengshan county in the south, and Shuangfeng county in the southwest corner. The west is bordered by Loudi Lianyuan. This paper studies the Xiangtan area under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan, Xiangxiang and Shaoshan in the Republic of China. During the Republic of China, Xiangtan was influenced by both natural and social factors. Natural disasters are frequent and famine is serious, among which the damage caused by floods and droughts is the most serious, and it is also the most important natural disaster in Xiangtan. In addition, due to social unrest, disaster relief and prevention are ineffective. Disasters often bring great damage and influence to regional development. With the evolution of human civilization and the development of economy and science and technology, the ability of human beings to resist natural disasters is increasing. But natural disasters are not only a historical problem, but also a real social problem. The study of natural disasters in Xiangtan area is of great significance. Based on the collection of historical data of natural disasters in Xiangtan area during the Republic of China, this paper summarizes and generalizes the natural disasters in Xiangtan area systematically. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first part is the introduction, which mainly explains the reason of the topic, the significance of the research and the current situation of the research on the topic. The second part describes the natural disasters in Xiangtan area during the Republic of China. The main types of natural disasters are floods, droughts, wind disasters and frozen disasters, especially flood and drought disasters occur most frequently, and other disasters occur alternately. The third part discusses the causes of natural disasters, including natural factors and social factors, natural factors are mainly climate conditions and topography, geomorphology, social factors mainly include the impact of war, political corruption. Economic poverty, serious destruction of vegetation and so on, in which natural factors are the inducement of disasters, and social factors are often the main factors leading to the formation of famine; in 4th, the impact of natural disasters is mainly analyzed. This is mainly manifested in the reduction of population, the destruction of social economy and the tendency to cause social unrest. In 5th, six parts mainly describe the measures of disaster reduction, disaster prevention and disaster relief in Xiangtan area during the period of the Republic of China. Measures for disaster reduction and disaster prevention mainly include storehouse reserves, water conservancy construction, afforestation and so on. Measures for disaster relief and disaster relief mainly include emergency relief, flat selling, relief for work, shelter and repatriation, and the establishment of disaster relief institutions. Some charitable organizations and welfare organizations have also appeared among the people, and they have also made outstanding contributions in providing relief to the victims. To some extent, the rise of relief for the people has broken the traditional mode of famine administration and promoted the modernization process of famine administration. In short, To a certain extent, these measures have alleviated the harmfulness of famine, reduced losses as far as possible, and stabilized the people's life and social order. The inevitable nature of natural disasters still brings serious damage and loss to the development of social economy. Therefore, natural disasters are still the focus of our society to this day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K258;X43

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