本文選題：戰(zhàn)后　切入點：輿論宣傳　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,中國面臨著光明還是黑暗、進(jìn)步還是倒退兩種命運、兩種前途的抉擇。面對中國向何處去,代表不同階級利益的國民黨和共產(chǎn)黨作出了完全相反的選擇。重慶談判、軍事調(diào)處和中間勢力的斡旋未能改變各自的政治立場,最終導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)場上的兵戎相見。在國共政爭的過程中,兩黨在軍事戰(zhàn)場的較量之外還進(jìn)行著激烈的宣傳戰(zhàn)較量,并對戰(zhàn)后政局產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。輿論宣傳是國共兩黨對外宣示本黨理念、方針和政策,打擊對手和爭取民心的重要手段。善用輿論宣傳能爭取民心,增加政權(quán)的合法性基礎(chǔ),并在一定程度上配合和推動軍事斗爭的進(jìn)程。否則,便會向相反的方向發(fā)展。在戰(zhàn)后國共輿論斗爭中,中共主動調(diào)整宣傳體制,始終堅持黨對輿論宣傳的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),實事求是,密切聯(lián)系群眾,根據(jù)不同階段的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)制定相應(yīng)的宣傳內(nèi)容和策略。中共正是通過靈活的宣傳戰(zhàn)術(shù)和對國民黨輿論的反擊,一方面贏得了民心,獲得廣大民眾的一致支持,有力地配合了軍事斗爭的開展,取得解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利;另一方面也分化了國民黨的軍心和民心,使其最終不敵中共的政治和軍事攻勢,輸?shù)袅藨?zhàn)爭和大陸政權(quán)。反觀國民黨,面對中共凌厲的宣傳攻勢,國民黨黨營新聞體系無法做出有力的反擊。“以黨治報”的新聞統(tǒng)制政策和國民黨高層的過多干預(yù),使輿論宣傳呆板保守,嚴(yán)重影響到宣傳的效果;對中共的詆毀和軍事上的虛假宣傳,使國民黨喪失公信力;未能有效地動員和發(fā)動群眾,又失去民眾的支持。國民黨就在政治、軍事和輿論宣傳都難以與中共抗衡的情況下,頹勢無力挽回,最終丟掉大陸政權(quán)。而以“中立”自居,幻想走“中間道路”的中間勢力,戰(zhàn)后主張和平民主,反對內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。但隨著國民黨執(zhí)意發(fā)動全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn),在國統(tǒng)區(qū)實施恐怖統(tǒng)治,特別是變本加厲地對其實施政治迫害后,中間勢力審時度勢,最終集體轉(zhuǎn)向共產(chǎn)黨,成為歷史的必然。當(dāng)然,我們必須認(rèn)識到,輿論宣傳對戰(zhàn)后國共政爭的影響只是間接被動的,中共最后取代國民黨在大陸的統(tǒng)治主要還是“槍桿子”起的作用。同樣,國民黨的輿論宣傳在其大陸敗亡的過程中也并不起決定作用,軍事上的失敗才是最主要原因,輿論宣傳的失利只是反映、并加速了這個敗亡的進(jìn)程而已。
[Abstract]:After the war, China facing the dark or light, progress or retrogression of two kinds of fate, two promising choice. In the face of where to Chinese to represent the different class interests of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has made the opposite choice. The Chongqing negotiations, mediation and mediation to military forces among the respective changes of political position. The final result on the battlefield. In the process of the meet on the battleground of political struggle in the party in addition to the military battlefield struggle has a fierce propaganda contest, which exerted a far-reaching influence on the post-war politics. Public opinion is the two Party Declaration of the party concept, principles and policies, an important means to combat the opponent and win the hearts of the people the use of propaganda. To win the hearts of the people, increase the legitimacy of the regime, and to support and promote the process of military struggle in a certain extent. Otherwise, it will develop in the opposite direction after the war. The public opinion in the struggle, the initiative to adjust the propaganda system, always adhere to the leadership of the party, the publicity seeking truth from facts, in close contact with the masses, to develop appropriate publicity content and strategy of strategic goals in different stages. The CPC is through flexible promotion tactics and counter to national party opinion, on the one hand, won the support of the people, to get the unanimous support of the masses, with a strong military struggle, achieved the victory of the war of liberation; on the other hand also divided the Kuomintang morale and morale, the final defeat of the Communist Party of China's political and military offensive, the battle was lost and the mainland regime. In the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China in the face of fierce campaign, the Kuomintang party business news system cannot respond forcefully. "More intervention the party newspaper" the news control policy and the top of the Kuomintang, the propaganda machine conservative, seriously affected the Xuan The effect of transmission; the military slander and false propaganda, the Kuomintang lost credibility; failed to effectively mobilize and mobilize the masses, and lost the support of the people. The Kuomintang in political, military and propaganda are difficult to contend with the situation, the decline could not recover, eventually lost to the mainland regime. "Neutral itself, the middle forces fantasy goes" middle way ", the advocate of peace and democracy, against the civil war. But with the Kuomintang insisted on all-out war, the implementation of terror in the area, especially the implementation of political persecution to become aggravated, the middle force situation, the final collective to the Communist Party, has become a historical necessity. Of course, we must know that the effect of publicity on the Chinese political struggle is indirect and passive, the last place the Kuomintang in the mainland is mainly" the gun " The role of the Kuomintang propaganda. Similarly, in the process, the failure does not play a decisive role, military defeat is the main reason for failure, public opinion propaganda is a reflection of, and accelerate the process of destruction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K266
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本文編號：1585466