本文選題：戰(zhàn)后　切入點(diǎn)：輿論宣傳　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,中國(guó)面臨著光明還是黑暗、進(jìn)步還是倒退兩種命運(yùn)、兩種前途的抉擇。面對(duì)中國(guó)向何處去,代表不同階級(jí)利益的國(guó)民黨和共產(chǎn)黨作出了完全相反的選擇。重慶談判、軍事調(diào)處和中間勢(shì)力的斡旋未能改變各自的政治立場(chǎng),最終導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的兵戎相見。在國(guó)共政爭(zhēng)的過程中,兩黨在軍事戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的較量之外還進(jìn)行著激烈的宣傳戰(zhàn)較量,并對(duì)戰(zhàn)后政局產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。輿論宣傳是國(guó)共兩黨對(duì)外宣示本黨理念、方針和政策,打擊對(duì)手和爭(zhēng)取民心的重要手段。善用輿論宣傳能爭(zhēng)取民心,增加政權(quán)的合法性基礎(chǔ),并在一定程度上配合和推動(dòng)軍事斗爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)程。否則,便會(huì)向相反的方向發(fā)展。在戰(zhàn)后國(guó)共輿論斗爭(zhēng)中,中共主動(dòng)調(diào)整宣傳體制,始終堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)輿論宣傳的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),實(shí)事求是,密切聯(lián)系群眾,根據(jù)不同階段的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)制定相應(yīng)的宣傳內(nèi)容和策略。中共正是通過靈活的宣傳戰(zhàn)術(shù)和對(duì)國(guó)民黨輿論的反擊,一方面贏得了民心,獲得廣大民眾的一致支持,有力地配合了軍事斗爭(zhēng)的開展,取得解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利;另一方面也分化了國(guó)民黨的軍心和民心,使其最終不敵中共的政治和軍事攻勢(shì),輸?shù)袅藨?zhàn)爭(zhēng)和大陸政權(quán)。反觀國(guó)民黨,面對(duì)中共凌厲的宣傳攻勢(shì),國(guó)民黨黨營(yíng)新聞體系無法做出有力的反擊�！耙渣h治報(bào)”的新聞統(tǒng)制政策和國(guó)民黨高層的過多干預(yù),使輿論宣傳呆板保守,嚴(yán)重影響到宣傳的效果;對(duì)中共的詆毀和軍事上的虛假宣傳,使國(guó)民黨喪失公信力;未能有效地動(dòng)員和發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,又失去民眾的支持。國(guó)民黨就在政治、軍事和輿論宣傳都難以與中共抗衡的情況下,頹勢(shì)無力挽回,最終丟掉大陸政權(quán)。而以“中立”自居,幻想走“中間道路”的中間勢(shì)力,戰(zhàn)后主張和平民主,反對(duì)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。但隨著國(guó)民黨執(zhí)意發(fā)動(dòng)全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn),在國(guó)統(tǒng)區(qū)實(shí)施恐怖統(tǒng)治,特別是變本加厲地對(duì)其實(shí)施政治迫害后,中間勢(shì)力審時(shí)度勢(shì),最終集體轉(zhuǎn)向共產(chǎn)黨,成為歷史的必然。當(dāng)然,我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到,輿論宣傳對(duì)戰(zhàn)后國(guó)共政爭(zhēng)的影響只是間接被動(dòng)的,中共最后取代國(guó)民黨在大陸的統(tǒng)治主要還是“槍桿子”起的作用。同樣,國(guó)民黨的輿論宣傳在其大陸敗亡的過程中也并不起決定作用,軍事上的失敗才是最主要原因,輿論宣傳的失利只是反映、并加速了這個(gè)敗亡的進(jìn)程而已。
[Abstract]:After the war, China facing the dark or light, progress or retrogression of two kinds of fate, two promising choice. In the face of where to Chinese to represent the different class interests of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has made the opposite choice. The Chongqing negotiations, mediation and mediation to military forces among the respective changes of political position. The final result on the battlefield. In the process of the meet on the battleground of political struggle in the party in addition to the military battlefield struggle has a fierce propaganda contest, which exerted a far-reaching influence on the post-war politics. Public opinion is the two Party Declaration of the party concept, principles and policies, an important means to combat the opponent and win the hearts of the people the use of propaganda. To win the hearts of the people, increase the legitimacy of the regime, and to support and promote the process of military struggle in a certain extent. Otherwise, it will develop in the opposite direction after the war. The public opinion in the struggle, the initiative to adjust the propaganda system, always adhere to the leadership of the party, the publicity seeking truth from facts, in close contact with the masses, to develop appropriate publicity content and strategy of strategic goals in different stages. The CPC is through flexible promotion tactics and counter to national party opinion, on the one hand, won the support of the people, to get the unanimous support of the masses, with a strong military struggle, achieved the victory of the war of liberation; on the other hand also divided the Kuomintang morale and morale, the final defeat of the Communist Party of China's political and military offensive, the battle was lost and the mainland regime. In the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China in the face of fierce campaign, the Kuomintang party business news system cannot respond forcefully. "More intervention the party newspaper" the news control policy and the top of the Kuomintang, the propaganda machine conservative, seriously affected the Xuan The effect of transmission; the military slander and false propaganda, the Kuomintang lost credibility; failed to effectively mobilize and mobilize the masses, and lost the support of the people. The Kuomintang in political, military and propaganda are difficult to contend with the situation, the decline could not recover, eventually lost to the mainland regime. "Neutral itself, the middle forces fantasy goes" middle way ", the advocate of peace and democracy, against the civil war. But with the Kuomintang insisted on all-out war, the implementation of terror in the area, especially the implementation of political persecution to become aggravated, the middle force situation, the final collective to the Communist Party, has become a historical necessity. Of course, we must know that the effect of publicity on the Chinese political struggle is indirect and passive, the last place the Kuomintang in the mainland is mainly" the gun " The role of the Kuomintang propaganda. Similarly, in the process, the failure does not play a decisive role, military defeat is the main reason for failure, public opinion propaganda is a reflection of, and accelerate the process of destruction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K266
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本文編號(hào)：1585466