本文選題：抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：民間外交　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 中國民間外交源自于近代國民思想的興起與民族國家觀念的更新,既是“外邦逼之、異種殘之”的產(chǎn)物,又是“西學(xué)東漸”的結(jié)果。它伴隨著西方人民主權(quán)思想在中國的傳播于清末輸入中國,至今已經(jīng)走過了一個多世紀(jì)的歷程。在不同的歷史時(shí)期,民間外交以其靈活多樣的形式和獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格,發(fā)揮著政府外交不可替代的作用。 從清末到民初,我國民間外交走過了艱難曲折的歷程。“九·一八事變”后,國民政府外交受挫,促進(jìn)了民間外交的復(fù)興,為全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后民間外交的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,中日兩國的力量對比懸殊,迫使中國政府必須積極爭取外國的同情與援助。國際形勢的惡化以及國民政府官方外交的困難重重,使得民間外交成為抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期重要的外交形式,促使了抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期民間外交高潮的到來。 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期,為了聯(lián)合一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量反對日本帝國主義,爭取各國人民對中國人民抗戰(zhàn)事業(yè)的支持,我國各界紛紛開展靈活多樣的民間外交活動。中國的抗日外交呈現(xiàn)出舉國一致、官民互動、相輔相成之局面,全國各界上下齊心、奮力爭取國際社會援華制日,民間外交成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國外交的重要組成部分。 抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后中共所處的國內(nèi)外環(huán)境發(fā)生了重大變化,從而形成其開展民間外交活動的有利條件。中共積極調(diào)整其外交策略,以適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)時(shí)外交之需,并對民間外交的開展作出具體指示。戰(zhàn)時(shí)中共開展了靈活多樣的民間外交活動,主要表現(xiàn)為與國際友人、國際組織、國外新聞界以及美國政府等的交往。作為中共民間外交前沿的長江局與武漢八路軍辦事處、南方局與重慶八路軍辦事處和中共民間外交窗口的延安,也在中共民間外交活動中發(fā)揮了重要作用。戰(zhàn)時(shí)中共民間外交雖困難重重,但對中共擴(kuò)大對外交往、逐步走上國際舞臺起到積極作用。 抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,國民政府面對戰(zhàn)時(shí)政府外交的艱難,改變了其外交策略,采用官方斡旋與民間外交雙管齊下的辦法。一方面,利用輿論宣傳的力量,積極開展民間外交；另一方面,派遣以宋美齡為代表的高層人物以私人身份訪美,積極從事外交斡旋。此外,還利用中國國民外交協(xié)會等半官方社團(tuán)積極從事民間外交活動。國民政府的民間外交活動,是對官方外交的重要補(bǔ)充,有力地配合了國民政府官方外交的開展,爭取了國際社會對中國抗戰(zhàn)事業(yè)的同情與支持。 在國際形勢對中國極為不利的情況下,中國的社會名流充分發(fā)揮名人效應(yīng),利用自己手中的人脈資源和在國際社會的影響力,廣泛開展民間外交。以宋慶齡、陶行知、張彭春等為代表的社會名流紛紛走出國門,向世界宣傳中國的抗戰(zhàn)主張,吁請各國政府和民眾共同抵制法西斯的侵略,體現(xiàn)了社會精英對國家和民族的高度責(zé)任感,為抗日戰(zhàn)爭的勝利做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。 以僑界、紅十字會、宗教界等為代表的民間團(tuán)體在政府外交受挫的時(shí)候,根據(jù)自身特點(diǎn)發(fā)揮團(tuán)體優(yōu)勢,在海外開展主題鮮明的民間外交活動,取得了巨大的成績,成為幫助政府爭取海外援助和支持的重要力量。 抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期的民間外交活動是近代中國社會外交民主化的重要組成部分,也是近代中國政治民主化的重要標(biāo)志,它不僅有力地彌補(bǔ)了官方外交的不足,為祖國的抗戰(zhàn)爭取了大量的援助,同時(shí)還加深了各國人民對中國的了解,提高了中國的國際地位和國際聲望。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì),隨著中國對外關(guān)系的全面發(fā)展,民間外交的作用愈益凸顯。作為我國整體外交不可或缺的重要組成部分,民間外交必將呈現(xiàn)空前活躍、多彩紛呈的嶄新局面。
[Abstract]:The rise of civil diplomacy from China modern national thought and the concept of nation renewal, is a strange force, the product of dissimilar residues of the ", and" Western learning ". It is accompanied by the spread of Western thought in the sovereignty of the people China input China in the late Qing Dynasty, and this has gone through more than a century in different historical periods, folk diplomacy with its flexible and diverse forms and unique style, plays an irreplaceable role of government diplomacy.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, China's civil diplomacy through the arduous and tortuous course. The "September 18 Incident", the national government promoted the revival of diplomatic setbacks, folk diplomacy, laid the foundation for the full development of Civil Diplomacy after the outbreak of war. After the Anti Japanese War broke out in two days in power between the gap, the government must force the Chinese actively seek sympathy and assistance of foreign countries. The deterioration of the international situation and the national government official diplomatic difficulties, the folk diplomacy has become an important form of diplomacy during the Anti Japanese War, the arrival of the high tide of civil diplomacy during the period of Anti Japanese war.
During the Anti Japanese War, in order to unite all forces against Japanese imperialism, for the people of all countries to support the cause of war China people, all walks of life in China have carried out various forms of civil diplomacy. China Japanese diplomacy has shown nationally, public-private interaction, complementary situation, all work with concerted efforts, strive for international social aiding China, folk diplomacy has become an important part of China diplomacy at that time.
Great changes have taken place in China after the outbreak of the war at home and abroad environment, thus forming the favorable conditions to carry out civil diplomatic activities. The CPC actively adjust its diplomatic strategy to wartime diplomacy, and to carry out public diplomacy to make specific instructions. CCP carried out various forms of civil diplomacy, mainly for international and international friends, foreign organizations, media and communication etc.. As the government of the United States Civil Diplomacy front Bureau of the Yangtze River and Wuhan Eight Route Army Office, the South Bureau and the Chongqing Office of the Eight Route Army and the Communist Party of China civil diplomacy window of Yanan, but also played an important role in Chinese folk diplomacy. Although the Communist Party of China foreign civil war but the difficulties of the Communist Party of China to expand foreign exchanges, gradually embarked on the international stage play a positive role.
After the outbreak of war, the national government in wartime government diplomacy difficult, changed its diplomatic strategy, the official mediation and civil diplomacy two pronged approach. On the one hand, the use of propaganda strength, actively carry out public diplomacy; on the other hand, sending senior figures represented by Song Meiling made a personal visit to the United States, actively engaged in diplomacy. In addition, the China National Diplomacy Association semi official association actively engaged in folk diplomacy. Folk diplomatic activities of the national government, is an important supplement to official diplomacy, strong support to the national government official diplomacy, for sympathy and support from the international community to China the cause of war.
In the international situation of Chinese extremely adverse circumstances, Chinese celebrities give full play to the celebrity, used his network of resources and influence in the international community, to carry out a wide range of folk diplomacy. With Song Qingling, Tao Xingzhi, Zhang Peng spring as the representative of the celebrities have to go abroad, to the World War China propaganda claims. Calls upon the government and people of all countries to resist the fascist aggression, embodies the social elite of responsibility to the country and the nation's sense, has made an important contribution to the victory of the war.
The overseas Chinese, the Red Cross, as the representative of the folk religious groups in government diplomatic setbacks, according to their own characteristics play group advantage, carry out civil diplomacy theme in the overseas, has made great achievements, as for overseas aid and help the government to support an important force.
Civil Diplomacy during the period of Anti Japanese war is an important part of modern society China diplomatic democratization, and is also an important symbol of modern China political democratization, it not only effectively compensate for the lack of official diplomacy, take a great amount of aid for the motherland's anti war, but also deepened the understanding among peoples of the Chinese, improve Chinese's international status and international prestige. In the new century, along with the comprehensive development of Chinese foreign relations, the function of civil diplomacy increasingly prominent. As an important part of China's overall diplomacy, civil diplomacy will present new situation unprecedented active, colorful scene.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K265

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 盧玲;;從辛亥革命看中國歷史之變遷[J];社科縱橫(新理論版);2012年04期

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本文編號：1560730