本文關(guān)鍵詞： 上海 四清運(yùn)動(dòng) 小四清 大四清 干部問題　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：四清運(yùn)動(dòng)又稱城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)主義教育運(yùn)動(dòng),發(fā)生在1963-1966年間,以“反修防修”為宗旨,強(qiáng)調(diào)階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的重要性。其起因與大躍進(jìn)時(shí)期基層干部的惡劣行徑有關(guān)。它是在當(dāng)時(shí)中國共產(chǎn)黨主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共識(shí)下發(fā)生的,試圖通過這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)解決當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的投機(jī)倒把、貪污盜竊、腐化墮落、改善比較緊張的干群關(guān)系,防止出現(xiàn)修正主義和和平演變。但由于以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱的“左”的理論支配,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢(shì)估計(jì)失誤,造成在這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中打擊面擴(kuò)大,并在理論與實(shí)踐上最后為文化大革命的發(fā)生作了鋪墊。 四清運(yùn)動(dòng)是黨史上不可或缺的一段重要?dú)v史。上海又是全國城市四清的重要試點(diǎn)之地。所以,理清上海市四清運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展情況對(duì)研究全國其他城市四清運(yùn)動(dòng)以及對(duì)上海當(dāng)代黨史黨建研究都具有重要意義。本文基于上海市檔案館的原始材料,對(duì)1963-1966年上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)作一個(gè)梳理,分別從上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)的背景、歷程、運(yùn)作和實(shí)施的內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)、社會(huì)歷史作用這四部分作了一個(gè)較為系統(tǒng)的考察。 從背景來看,上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)是在國內(nèi)三年困難時(shí)期后的干部問題突出、群眾生活困難、干群關(guān)系緊張以及國外修正主義、和平演變的形勢(shì)下展開的。它同時(shí)也是中國社會(huì)和中國共產(chǎn)黨內(nèi)集聚的各種矛盾的總爆發(fā)。 從歷程來看,上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷了“小四清”、“大四清”兩個(gè)階段。本文以運(yùn)動(dòng)安排的時(shí)間為節(jié)點(diǎn),以上海的企事業(yè)單位為個(gè)案,具體分析上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)如何進(jìn)行。 從運(yùn)作和實(shí)施的內(nèi)容來看,上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了工作隊(duì)的組建、集訓(xùn)和分團(tuán),以及政策宣傳到選舉四清代表。其主要內(nèi)容是清經(jīng)濟(jì)、清政治、清組織、清思想四大部分。本文對(duì)大量原始檔案圖表進(jìn)行了具體分析。 從特點(diǎn)來看,上海四清運(yùn)動(dòng)更為充分地發(fā)動(dòng)群眾,鼓勵(lì)大膽懷疑揭發(fā),更為充分地利用了外部力量進(jìn)行整黨整團(tuán)整頓基層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部問題,更為深刻地挖掘資產(chǎn)階級(jí)根子,整頓黨員干部隊(duì)伍。并起到了以下積極作用：解決了干部隊(duì)伍中嚴(yán)重的“四不清”問題,純潔了干部隊(duì)伍；加強(qiáng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)管理,增強(qiáng)了群眾對(duì)黨的信任；并推動(dòng)了生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。但它也帶來了消極作用：擴(kuò)大了打擊面,不少干部受到不應(yīng)有的打擊和傷害；工作隊(duì)“包辦代替”,基層組織一度成為“空架子”；群眾性煽動(dòng)忽略民主與法制,政治動(dòng)員方式值得商榷；干群矛盾不是消除了,而是加深了；挫傷了干部群眾的積極性,造成不必要的心理陰影；整個(gè)社會(huì)形成一種“正氣下降,邪氣上升”的氛圍。 通過以上幾個(gè)方面的考察和分析,我們可以清晰地看到四清運(yùn)動(dòng)的脈絡(luò)和歷史作用,讓我們了解到中國共產(chǎn)黨在當(dāng)時(shí)是如何反腐拒變的。同時(shí)也讓我們看到群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)力量的負(fù)面影響,以此為鑒,不能再開展大規(guī)模的群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)了。
[Abstract]:The Siqing Movement, also known as the urban and rural socialist education movement, took place in 1963-1966, with the aim of "opposing repairs and preventing repairs". Emphasizing the importance of class struggle. Its cause is related to the abominable behavior of grassroots cadres during the Great Leap forward. It happened under the consensus of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China at that time, trying to resolve the speculation that occurred at that time through this movement. Corruption and theft, corruption and corruption, improving tense relations between the cadres and the masses, and preventing revisionism and peaceful evolution. However, due to the domination of the "left" theory based on class struggle, the estimation of the situation at that time was wrong. In this movement, the impact was expanded, and finally laid the foundation for the Cultural Revolution in theory and practice. The Siqing Movement is an indispensable part of the history of the Party. Shanghai is also an important pilot site for the four Qing dynasties in the cities of the whole country. So, To clarify the development of the Siqing Movement in Shanghai is of great significance to the study of the Siqing Movement in other cities throughout the country as well as to the study of the party building in the contemporary history of the CPC in Shanghai. This paper is based on the original materials of the Shanghai Archives. This paper combs the four Qing movements in Shanghai from 1963-1966, and makes a systematic investigation from the background, course, operation and implementation contents, characteristics and social and historical roles of the four movements in Shanghai. Judging from the background, the four Qing movements in Shanghai were marked by problems of cadres after three difficult periods in China, difficulties in the life of the masses, tension between cadres and masses, and revisionism abroad. It is also a general outbreak of contradictions between Chinese society and the Communist Party of China. From the point of view of the course, the movement of the four Qing Dynasty in Shanghai has gone through two stages of "Little four Qing" and "Big four Qing". This paper takes the time of movement arrangement as the node and the enterprises and institutions in Shanghai as a case to analyze how the movement of the four Qing in Shanghai is carried out. From the aspects of operation and implementation, the Shanghai Siqing Movement conducted the formation of task forces, training and subgroups, and policy propaganda to the election of Siqing deputies. Its main contents were Qing economy, Qing politics, and Qing organizations. Four parts of Qing thought. This paper makes a concrete analysis of a large number of original file charts. Judging from its characteristics, the four Qing movements in Shanghai mobilized the masses more fully, encouraged bold suspicions and revelations, made full use of external forces to consolidate the party and the whole regiment and rectified the problem of leading cadres at the grass-roots level, and dug deeper into the bourgeois roots. Rectifying the ranks of party members and cadres has played the following positive roles: solving the serious "four unclear" problems in the ranks of cadres, purifying the ranks of cadres, strengthening economic management and enhancing the trust of the masses in the Party; And promoted the development of production, but it also brought negative effects: expanded the scope of attack, many cadres were undeserved blows and injuries; When the task force was "arranged instead of organized," grassroots organizations once became "empty airs"; mass incitement ignored democracy and the legal system, and the method of political mobilization was debatable; the contradictions between cadres and the masses were not eliminated, but deepened; and the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses was dampened. Causes unnecessary psychological shadow; the whole society forms a kind of "positive spirit decline, evil spirit ascends" the atmosphere. Through the investigation and analysis of the above aspects, we can clearly see the context and historical role of the four Qing movements. Let us understand how the Communist Party of China refused to fight corruption at that time. At the same time, let us see the negative impact of mass movement forces, and learn from this, we can no longer carry out large-scale mass movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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