本文關(guān)鍵詞： 1947年 河北省 旱災(zāi) 救濟(jì)　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：旱災(zāi)是中國三大農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害之一。1947年河北省境內(nèi)遭受大面積嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi)，，春旱連秋旱，數(shù)月不雨，莊稼枯萎，農(nóng)業(yè)歉收。旱災(zāi)與戰(zhàn)爭交互并行，政局動蕩不已，致使糧價高漲，大批難民流離失所，社會問題積重難返。 本文在利用大量館藏檔案和報刊資料的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)、社會學(xué)等相關(guān)理論及研究方法，對1947年河北旱災(zāi)進(jìn)行深層次探討。筆者認(rèn)為，1947年河北省旱災(zāi)不僅僅是氣候原因造成的，同時也是歷史遺留問題、現(xiàn)實(shí)因素交織的結(jié)果。國共兩黨的戰(zhàn)爭，國民政府的腐朽沒落及防災(zāi)設(shè)施的薄弱，無不加重旱災(zāi)的破壞程度，使本已災(zāi)難深重的人民又雪上加霜。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)，以往的過度開發(fā)，造成河北區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞，這是引發(fā)河北旱災(zāi)的重要因素；處于執(zhí)政地位的國民黨當(dāng)局不重視北方水利設(shè)施的建設(shè)和維修，一定意義上加重了旱災(zāi)的危害程度和了救災(zāi)的難度。旱災(zāi)造成的民生困苦、生產(chǎn)破壞、社會動蕩無不對政局的變革產(chǎn)生了催化作用。 國民政府、共產(chǎn)黨、國際救援組織及民間力量都對河北省旱災(zāi)救濟(jì)付出了努力，但救濟(jì)效果各有不同�？偠灾�，國民政府側(cè)重于災(zāi)后救濟(jì)，而共產(chǎn)黨邊區(qū)政府則對旱災(zāi)的防御重于救濟(jì)。兩相比較，相形見絀。國民黨不重防御的片面救災(zāi)模式，致使其政失信于民。共產(chǎn)黨防重于救濟(jì)，雙管齊下的人民救災(zāi)模式，預(yù)示著救災(zāi)模式的現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)型。民間力量和國際救災(zāi)組織對河北省災(zāi)害救濟(jì)，尤其重視災(zāi)后衛(wèi)生防疫，有效防止了災(zāi)后瘟疫的流行。綜合比較各方救助經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)，對應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害和完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)機(jī)制都具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the three major agricultural disasters in China. In 1947, Hebei Province suffered from a large area of severe drought. In 1947, there was a severe drought in Hebei Province. Spring drought followed by autumn drought, months of dry rain, withering crops, agricultural failure and crop failure. The drought and the war went hand in hand, and the political situation was unceasing, causing food prices to rise. A large number of refugees have been displaced and social problems have not been easily solved for a long time. On the basis of making use of a large number of archives and newspapers and periodicals, this paper makes comprehensive use of relevant theories and research methods, such as history, sociology, etc. The author holds that the drought in Hebei Province on 1947 was not only caused by climatic factors, but also by historical problems and intertwined realistic factors. The war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, The decadent decline of the national government and the weakness of disaster prevention facilities have all aggravated the damage caused by the drought, adding to the problems of the already disastrous people. The article emphasizes that the past over-exploitation has caused the ecological environment damage in the Hebei region. This is an important factor leading to the drought in Hebei; the Kuomintang authorities in power do not attach importance to the construction and maintenance of water conservancy facilities in the north, which to a certain extent increases the degree of damage caused by the drought and the difficulty of disaster relief. The livelihood of the people caused by the drought is difficult. The destruction of production and social unrest have played a catalytic role in the transformation of the political situation. The National Government, the Communist Party, international relief organizations and non-governmental forces have all made efforts to relieve drought in Hebei Province, but the relief effects are different. In a word, the National Government focuses on post-disaster relief. On the other hand, the government of the Communist Party Border region is more important in its defense against drought than relief. Compared with each other, it is dwarfed by the one-sided disaster relief model of the Kuomintang, which does not place much emphasis on defense, resulting in its government losing faith in the people's affairs, and the people's disaster relief model, in which the Communist Party pays more attention to preventing drought than relief. It indicates the modern transformation of disaster relief mode. Folk forces and international disaster relief organizations pay special attention to the disaster relief in Hebei Province, pay special attention to post-disaster sanitation and epidemic prevention, effectively prevent the spread of post-disaster plague, and comprehensively compare the relief experiences and lessons of all parties. It is of great academic value and practical significance to deal with natural disasters and improve the mechanism of disaster prevention and mitigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K266;X43;D632.9

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