發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 09:37

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：錫良督東時(shí)期東北鐵路規(guī)劃始末　出處：《近代史研究》2016年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 錫良 錦璦鐵路 均勢外交 邊疆 新政

【摘要】：宣統(tǒng)元年(1909)四月一日,錫良接篆東三省總督。與首任東督徐世昌借款筑路的思路不同,錫良督東之初力主自修鐵路,但遭到中央部臣議駁。之后錫良著力籌謀息借美款修筑錦州至璦琿的鐵路計(jì)劃,欲圖借此一方面與日本、俄國控制的鐵路爭利,一方面將歐美勢力引入東北,實(shí)現(xiàn)均勢外交下列強(qiáng)間的相互牽制,從而鞏固東北邊疆主權(quán)和邊防安全。然而,錦璦鐵路借款計(jì)劃在實(shí)施過程中遭遇內(nèi)外兩方面的阻滯:就外力而言,日本、俄國為避免與美國、英國形成直接對抗以及出于保全自身利益的考量,未直接反對錦璦路事,而是聯(lián)起手來對清廷極盡恫嚇訛詐之能事,聲言此路必須經(jīng)其同意方能實(shí)施且要求提供資金、工師;同時(shí)加緊對東三省的侵略步伐,俄國提出修建張家口經(jīng)庫倫至恰克圖的鐵路以替換錦璦鐵路。就清政府內(nèi)部而論,郵傳部、外務(wù)部、度支部之間以及三部和東北地方政府之間,由于角色地位的不同,對錦璦路事的認(rèn)知存在諸多差異,集中體現(xiàn)為東三省督撫極力主張借款筑路而各部態(tài)度則飄忽不定。錦璦鐵路借款計(jì)劃最終失敗,東北鐵路建設(shè)面臨著中外博弈和央地歧異的雙重困境。
[Abstract]:In April 1st, the governor of the three eastern provinces of Xi Liang followed seal character. Different from Xu Shichang, the first governor of the east, Xi Liang proposed to build the railway by himself at the beginning of the year of the first year of the year of Xuantong, which was different from that of Xu Shichang, the first governor of the province. But it was refuted by the officials of the central government. Later, Xi Liang worked hard to build a railway between Jinzhou and Aihui by borrowing money from the United States, in an attempt to compete with Japan and Russian-controlled railways on the one hand, and on the other hand, to introduce European and American forces into the Northeast. Balance of power diplomacy between the following powers to consolidate the sovereignty of the Northeast border and border security. However the Jinai Railway loan program in the implementation process encountered both internal and external obstacles: in terms of external forces Japan. In order to avoid direct confrontation with the United States and Britain and to protect their own interests, Russia did not directly oppose Jinyi Road, but joined hands to intimidate and blackmail the Qing court. Claim that this road must be agreed upon before it can be implemented and requested to provide funds, engineer; At the same time, stepping up the pace of aggression against the three eastern provinces, Russia proposed the construction of a railway from Zhangjiakou to Chiaktu to replace the Jinai railway. As far as the Qing government is concerned, the Ministry of Post and Foreign Affairs. Due to the different roles between the three branches and the local governments in Northeast China, there are many differences in the cognition of Jinyi Road. The central embodiment is that the governor of the three eastern provinces strongly advocated the construction of roads by borrowing money while the attitude of the various departments was erratic. The loan plan of Jin'ai railway failed finally and the construction of the Northeast Railway faced the double dilemma of the game between China and foreign countries and the differences between central and local areas.
【作者單位】： 安陽師范學(xué)院歷史與文博學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金青年項(xiàng)目“錫良與清末新政研究”(13CZS055)的階段成果
【分類號】：K252
【正文快照】： 自1898年始,俄國接連在中國東北修筑從滿洲里經(jīng)哈爾濱至綏芬河以及從哈爾濱經(jīng)長春至大連的鐵路,形成2500余公里的“丁”字形東清鐵路。1905年日俄戰(zhàn)爭后,俄國將長春至大連段割讓給日本,改稱南滿鐵路。清末新政時(shí)期東三省鐵路干線被日、俄南北分據(jù),東北主權(quán)、邊防安全受到嚴(yán)重

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