本文關(guān)鍵詞：新民主主義革命時(shí)期中國非資本主義前途選擇研究　出處：《中南民族大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：新民主主義革命時(shí)期中國逐步確定起了以非資本主義的形式完成國家前途轉(zhuǎn)變的選擇。在中西文明相碰撞的過程中,先進(jìn)的中國人清醒地看到了西方的優(yōu)越性,先后提出幾種方案向西方學(xué)習(xí),希望將西方文明的輝煌復(fù)制在中國,無奈卻屢次遭遇失敗。面對(duì)著舊中國半殖民地半封建的國情,共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)新民主主義革命奠定了中國革命非資本主義前途的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。毛澤東與他的那一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體共同創(chuàng)立了一種具有過渡性質(zhì)的社會(huì)形態(tài)---新民主主義社會(huì),作為他們對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義途徑的思考。不忘卻歷史,才能更好展望未來�；仡櫺旅裰髦髁x革命時(shí)期的非資本主義前途選擇歷程,與當(dāng)下的“三個(gè)自信”、堅(jiān)定不移走中國道路相呼應(yīng),具有深刻的時(shí)代內(nèi)涵。向西方學(xué)習(xí)富國強(qiáng)民之路卻多次遭到西方侵略勢(shì)力重創(chuàng)的中國人民轉(zhuǎn)而尋求新的出路,馬克思主義在中國的廣泛傳播為中國人民探索救亡圖存道路、選擇適合本國的革命方案提供了科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo),中共早期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以馬列主義為思想武器,并結(jié)合中國實(shí)際情況,在此基礎(chǔ)上正確地分析了中國社會(huì)性質(zhì),革命性質(zhì)、動(dòng)力、對(duì)象等,確定要加強(qiáng)并鞏固無產(chǎn)階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán),在革命的過程中逐步建立起新民主主義過渡政權(quán),并根據(jù)形勢(shì)不斷提出新的口號(hào)、制定新的政策,完善了這一過渡政權(quán),為將來社會(huì)主義政權(quán)的建立作好充分準(zhǔn)備條件。本文第一部分論述非資本主義前途的理論淵源。馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于落后國家非資本主義發(fā)展道路的構(gòu)想,列寧的民族與殖民地理論和新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策思想,以及斯大林和共產(chǎn)國際關(guān)于中國革命的非資本主義論,是新民主主義革命時(shí)期中國在國家前途演變歷程中自覺地選擇非資本主義前途的理論淵源。第二部分論述20世紀(jì)20-30年代一些公共知識(shí)分子對(duì)非資本主義前途的認(rèn)識(shí)與分歧。同為發(fā)展資本主義民主政治,梁?jiǎn)⒊橇椗?帶有地主紳士風(fēng)格;胡適對(duì)資本主義民主更是情有獨(dú)鐘。其他關(guān)心國家前途的工商界、教育界公知,則基本認(rèn)定國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)應(yīng)采取社會(huì)主義的方式。第三部分論述新民主主義革命時(shí)期中共早期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)非資本主義前途的探索。一戰(zhàn)與俄國十月革命使不少原先向往西方文明的先進(jìn)中國人認(rèn)清了落后的中國不能依靠帝國主義國家的現(xiàn)實(shí),并轉(zhuǎn)而受到了俄國模式的啟迪。李大釗、蔡和森、陳獨(dú)秀等是最早在中國傳播馬克思主義的中共早期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,李大釗和蔡和森為宣傳馬克思主義學(xué)說作出了卓越貢獻(xiàn);陳獨(dú)秀曾經(jīng)提及過有關(guān)中國革命非資本主義前途及其與社會(huì)主義關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn),后繼者從中受到不少啟發(fā)。從“戴季陶主義”視角分析第一次國共合作失敗,不僅便于人們理解國共斗爭(zhēng)史,也解釋了資本主義道路在中國行不通的又一大緣由。第四部分論述新民主主義革命時(shí)期毛澤東對(duì)非資本主義前途的論述及其現(xiàn)代價(jià)值啟示。毛澤東科學(xué)地分析了半殖民地半封建中國的基本國情,他深入社會(huì)調(diào)查鄉(xiāng)情提出適應(yīng)革命形勢(shì)發(fā)展的方針和政策,并在此基礎(chǔ)上逐步建立起新民主主義過渡政權(quán);在創(chuàng)立新民主主義過渡政權(quán)時(shí)毛澤東十分注意經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,他不僅堅(jiān)決主張實(shí)行土地革命解放農(nóng)民,也把發(fā)展部分資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)提升到戰(zhàn)略高度,滿足新民主主義政權(quán)建設(shè)的需要;毛澤東始終強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)鞏固無產(chǎn)階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán),將革命前途引向社會(huì)主義時(shí),他提出需具備工業(yè)化基礎(chǔ)等必要的物質(zhì)條件,因而革命勝利后不能立即走上社會(huì)主義發(fā)展道路。
[Abstract]:In the period of the new democratic revolution, China has gradually established the choice to complete the transition of the country's future in the form of non capitalism. In the process of collision between Chinese and Western civilizations, the advanced Chinese people clearly saw the superiority of the west, and put forward several plans to learn from the west, hoping to copy the splendor of Western civilization in China, but failed repeatedly. Facing the semi colonial and semi feudal national conditions of the old China, the Communist Party's leadership of the new democratic revolution laid the trend of the development of the Chinese revolution and the future of non capitalism. Mao Zedong and his generation of leaders set up a transitional social form -- the new democratic society as their way to achieve socialism. Without forgetting history, we can look forward to the future. Looking back on the course of the non capitalist future selection in the new democratic revolution period, it is echoed with the current "three confidence" and the unwavering road of China. To learn from the west road it has repeatedly hit by western aggression China people to seek a new way, the Marx doctrine is widely spread in the China for China people to explore the salvation Road, choose suitable for their own revolutionary project provides a scientific theoretical guidance, early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party to Marxism Leninism as the ideological weapon, and combined with the actual Chinese on this basis, it analyzes the nature of social China, revolutionary nature, power, and other objects, determined to strengthen and consolidate the leadership of the proletariat, and gradually establish a new democratic transition regime in the revolutionary process, and according to the situation put forward the new slogan, to develop new policies, improve the transition regime for the establishment of the socialist regime fully prepared conditions. The first part of this paper discusses the theoretical origin of the future of non capitalism. The idea about backward country non capitalist development path of Marx Engels, national and colonial theory of Lenin and the new economic policy, and Stalin and the Communist International on Chinese revolution non capitalist theory, is the period of the new democratic revolution in the country. China evolution theory of non capitalist future consciously choose in the course of. The second part deals with the understanding and differences of some public intellectuals in the twentieth Century of the 20-30 years on the future of non capitalism. With the development of capitalist democracy, Liang Qichao is a constitutionalism, with the style of the landlord and gentleman; Hu Shi is more concerned with the capitalist democracy. Other business circles and educational circles, who are concerned with the future of the country, basically recognize that the construction of the country's modernization should take a socialist way. The third part discusses the exploration of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China on the future of non capitalism in the period of the new democratic revolution. The first World War and the Russian Revolution in October made many advanced Chinese people who yearned for the Western civilization recognize that the backward China could not rely on the realities of imperialist countries, and were inspired by the Russian mode. Li Dazhao, Cai Hesen, Chen Duxiu is the earliest in the Chinese spread Marx's early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, Li Dazhao and Cai Hesen made outstanding contribution for the promotion of the Marx doctrine; Chen Duxiu once mentioned that the China revolution and the social doctrine of non capitalist future relations point of view, from which many were inspired by the successor. Analysis of the first KMT-CPC cooperation failure from the "Dai jitaoism" perspective, not only for people to understand the history of the struggle, also explains the capitalist road in another big reason Chinese unworkable. The fourth part discusses Mao Zedong's discussion on the future of non capitalism and the Enlightenment of its modern value in the period of the new democratic revolution. Mao Zedong scientific analysis of semi colonial and semi feudal China basic situation, his in-depth social investigation nostalgia is proposed to adapt to the development of the revolutionary situation and policies, and on this basis, and gradually establish a new democratic transition regime; in the creation of the new democratic transition regime Mao Zedong pays much attention to economic problems, he not only insisted that the Agrarian Revolution liberated peasants also, to enhance the development of capitalist economy to a strategic height, to meet the needs of the new democratic regime construction; Mao Zedong has always stressed that strengthening the leadership of the proletariat, the future of socialist revolution, he put forward the necessary foundation of industrialization and other necessary material conditions, and not immediately after the victory of the revolution on the development path of socialism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K26

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