先秦民族思想與民族政策
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-21 19:48
【摘要】： 先秦時(shí)期的民族思想與民族政策是我國(guó)先秦以后二千多年封建社會(huì)民族政策的主要淵源和歷史依據(jù)，它基本上確定了我國(guó)古代社會(huì)里長(zhǎng)期推行的民族政策的主要內(nèi)容�？梢哉f(shuō)，在中國(guó)民族史研究中，要了解中國(guó)數(shù)千年民族政策的變遷、民族關(guān)系的發(fā)展和民族分布格局的變化等，就不能回避先秦時(shí)期的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。但由于歷史久遠(yuǎn)，史料不足和真?zhèn)坞y辨問(wèn)題較為突出，目前學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)它的研究，與同一時(shí)期其它方面如政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)生活等相比，顯得較為薄弱。已有的研究成果，大多散見(jiàn)于一些史論專著和部分專題論文中，迄今系統(tǒng)、全面和深入的專項(xiàng)研究幾為空白。 本文以傳世先秦文獻(xiàn)和陸續(xù)出土的考古資料為依據(jù)，參考古今有關(guān)論著，擬在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)的歷史學(xué)和其它相關(guān)學(xué)科研究方法，力圖完整展示先秦時(shí)期民族思想、民族政策的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，探討先秦時(shí)期民族思想的發(fā)展與民族產(chǎn)生、國(guó)家更替以及與民族政策之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，分析先秦民族思想對(duì)后世的影響等系列問(wèn)題。除緒論外，論文共分為七部分： 第一部分，我國(guó)早期人類的起源、多元分布與傳說(shuō)中的族際交往�？脊虐l(fā)掘表明，我國(guó)也是人類起源地之一，并逐漸呈現(xiàn)出多元發(fā)展形態(tài)，形成了早期的多元文化，并彼此不斷發(fā)生著各種形式的交流。從舊石器時(shí)代到新石器時(shí)代的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年里，人類的多元分布發(fā)展為文化特征較為明顯和穩(wěn)定的區(qū)系，而傳說(shuō)資料向我們展示了表現(xiàn)為不同文化區(qū)系的原始聚落之間的早期族際交往基本概況。 第二部分，夏商時(shí)期民族思想的產(chǎn)生與民族政策。民族思想伴隨著民族的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載，夏、商兩代是我國(guó)最早的國(guó)家形式，而夏建立及初期階段，東西文化交融孕育了華夏族體的誕生。及至商從夷變夏，華夏族進(jìn)入了一個(gè)全新的發(fā)展時(shí)期。夏、商兩代的民族識(shí)別從血緣關(guān)系逐漸過(guò)渡到地緣關(guān)系，然二者的相互滲透并沒(méi)有徹底剝離。因此，這一時(shí)期的民族思想與民族政策雖然始終帶有濃厚的血緣關(guān)系的特征，卻已初步具備了以疆域界限為標(biāo)志的國(guó)家實(shí)施地域性民族政治統(tǒng)治的基本形態(tài)。 第三部分，西周時(shí)期民族思想的強(qiáng)化與民族政策。由中原王朝周邊各文化區(qū)系發(fā)展而成的四夷民族逐漸壯大，由于族際交往的進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，各族間利益沖突開(kāi)始加劇，民族意識(shí)隨之強(qiáng)化。西周前期，“德治”成為華夏族統(tǒng)馭周邊四夷的主導(dǎo)思想，然而，《周禮》卻制訂了等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的尊卑關(guān)系，人為地割裂華夷關(guān)系，制造民族間不平等，為民族沖突的加劇埋下了隱患。穆王之后，隨著國(guó)家民族政策的改變，民族矛盾空前激化，華夏政權(quán)受到四夷勢(shì)力的強(qiáng)烈沖擊，引發(fā)了我國(guó)早期的夷夏之辨思潮。 第四部分，春秋時(shí)期民族思想的爭(zhēng)鳴與民族政策。周王室東遷，戎狄入侵中原，“尊王攘夷”成為時(shí)代主題，在華夷對(duì)立的社會(huì)背景下，代表著不同社會(huì)階層的春秋諸子們就如何處理民族問(wèn)題紛紛闡述己說(shuō)，與先后繼起的春秋五霸民族政策的多元化實(shí)踐相互借鑒和補(bǔ)充。這一時(shí)期，民族融合的趨勢(shì)在彼此對(duì)抗中早已悄然形成，尤其是邊緣族體的大量華夏化，使華夏族無(wú)論從文化、地域還是人口上都得到了空前的壯大。 第五部分，戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期民族思想的兼融與民族政策�！按笠唤y(tǒng)”、“華夷一體”已然成為全社會(huì)的共同期待，“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的諸子們不斷總結(jié)新的社會(huì)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，相互汲取民族思想成分，在更多共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，紛紛提出反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、華夏一統(tǒng)、實(shí)施德治的民族政治主張。戰(zhàn)國(guó)七雄也在國(guó)家民族政策的實(shí)踐中極大地推動(dòng)了我國(guó)歷史上第一次政治、民族、文化和地域等全方位的大融和。 第六、七部分，《呂氏春秋》對(duì)先秦民族思想的總結(jié)和闡釋、先秦民族思想的基本內(nèi)涵及其對(duì)后世的影響。秦統(tǒng)一六國(guó)前夕，《呂氏春秋》對(duì)先秦諸子進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，將民族觀與治國(guó)理念結(jié)合，并上升為新的“天下”觀。但由于倉(cāng)卒成稿，并沒(méi)有能夠完成對(duì)各家思想的有機(jī)融合與升華，只停留在學(xué)說(shuō)“大雜燴”的層面，因而，秦統(tǒng)一以前的先秦民族思想最終沒(méi)有得到全面、理性的總結(jié)和系統(tǒng)性的重新構(gòu)架，諸子民族思想的學(xué)說(shuō)事實(shí)上是分散和獨(dú)立的，既沒(méi)有形成為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)化的體系，也無(wú)法形成政治意義上的核心凝聚力。盡管如此，它卻奠定了后世中國(guó)民族思想的基礎(chǔ)，并在不同歷史階段因不同的需要而得到了不同角度、不同程度的闡發(fā)和運(yùn)用，從而影響了我國(guó)封建社會(huì)里曲折、豐富的民族政策發(fā)展歷程。
[Abstract]:The national policy and the national policy in the pre-Qin period are the main source and historical basis of the national policy of the feudal society of the two thousand years after the pre-Qin period of our country, and it basically determines the main content of the long-term national policy in the ancient society of our country. It can be said that in the study of the national history of China, it is not possible to avoid the development of the pre-Qin period in order to understand the changes of the policy of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, the development of the national relations and the change of the pattern of the national distribution. However, because of the long history, the shortage of historical materials and the difficult to distinguish between the true and the false, the research of the academic circles in the academic circles is relatively weak as compared with other aspects of the same period, such as the political system and the economic life. The existing research results are mostly scattered in some monographs and some special papers, so far the system, comprehensive and in-depth special research has been blank. Based on the literature of the pre-Qin period and the archaeological data unearthed in succession, this paper, based on the ancient and modern theories, is to use the traditional history and other relevant research methods on the basis of the previous studies, and try to fully show the pre-Qin period. The development of the national thought and the development of the national policy in the period of the period of the pre-Qin period and the internal relation between the national policy and the national policy, and the reflection of the national thought of the pre-Qin period on the later generations A series of problems. In addition to the introduction, the paper It is divided into seven parts: the first part, the origin of the early human in China, The archaeological excavation shows that China is one of the origin of the human origin, and it gradually presents a multi-element development form, which forms an early multi-culture, and it In the millions of years from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age, the development of the multi-element distribution of human is the more obvious and stable flora of the cultural features, and the legend has shown us the original settlement of different cultural areas. A basic overview of the early interracial interactions. Part Two: The Generation of the National Thought in the Xia-Shang Period; The national policy is produced by the emergence of the nation. According to the literature, Xia and Shang two generations are the earliest form of the country in China, and the establishment and the beginning of the summer In the stage of the period, the blending of the culture of the east and west breeds the birth of the Cathaysian family. From the summer of summer to summer, the Chinese family entered a new period of development. The national identification of the two generations of the Xia and Shang dynasties gradually changed from the blood-related relationship. The relationship between the national and the national policies in this period has always been characterized by a strong blood-related relationship, but it has been preliminarily provided with the boundary of the frontier area as the standard. The state of the country implements the basic form of regional national political rule. The third part, the strengthening of the national thought in the Western Zhou period and the national policy. The four-yi people, which are developed by the various cultural regions around the Central Plains, are gradually expanding, because of the interracial communication. In the early part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Dezhi" became the leading thought of the four-barbarians around the Huaxia Group. As a result of the change of the national policy of the nation, the national contradiction has become more and more intense, and the Chinese government has become more and more concerned with the change of the national policy. The powerful impact of the power of the four-barbarians has caused the early stage of the barbarians in our country. The fourth part, the struggle of the national thought of the Spring and Autumn Period and the national policy. The Zhou Dynasty was moved from the east to the Central Plains, and the "to be a member of the royal family" became the theme of the times and in the opposite society of Huyi. In the background, the scholars of the Spring and Autumn, which represent different social strata, deal with the national problems This period, the trend of national integration has been formed in each other's confrontation, especially the edge family. The large amount of Huaxia of the body, which makes the Huaxia people from the culture, the region or the region In the fifth part, the "Hua Yi as a whole" of the national thought of the Republic of China and the national policy, the "large-scale system" and the "a hundred schools of contend" have become the common expectation of the whole society. On the basis of more consensus, the family thought components, on the basis of more common understanding, put forward the national political opinions against the war, the Cathaysian system and the implementation of the Dezhi. The practice of national policy has greatly promoted the first political, national, cultural and regional integration in the history of our country. The sixth, the seventh part, the "Lu's Spring and Autumn", the summary and interpretation of the thought of the pre-Qin people, the basic connotation of the pre-Qin national thought and its influence on the later generations. The scholars have made a summary, combining the national outlook with the concept of the country and rising to the new "the world" view, but because of the writing of the warehouse, it has not been able to complete the organic integration and sublimation of the ideas, and only stay in the theory "a big-and-white man" At the level of , Qin and the former pre-Qin national thought eventually did not get comprehensive, rational summary and systematic re-construction, Zhu-min The theory of the thought of the family is in fact dispersed and independent, neither is formed as a systematic system nor can it form the core cohesion in the political sense. Nevertheless, it has laid the foundation for the Chinese national thought of the later generations, and it is different in different historical stages
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K225
本文編號(hào)：2482343
[Abstract]:The national policy and the national policy in the pre-Qin period are the main source and historical basis of the national policy of the feudal society of the two thousand years after the pre-Qin period of our country, and it basically determines the main content of the long-term national policy in the ancient society of our country. It can be said that in the study of the national history of China, it is not possible to avoid the development of the pre-Qin period in order to understand the changes of the policy of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, the development of the national relations and the change of the pattern of the national distribution. However, because of the long history, the shortage of historical materials and the difficult to distinguish between the true and the false, the research of the academic circles in the academic circles is relatively weak as compared with other aspects of the same period, such as the political system and the economic life. The existing research results are mostly scattered in some monographs and some special papers, so far the system, comprehensive and in-depth special research has been blank. Based on the literature of the pre-Qin period and the archaeological data unearthed in succession, this paper, based on the ancient and modern theories, is to use the traditional history and other relevant research methods on the basis of the previous studies, and try to fully show the pre-Qin period. The development of the national thought and the development of the national policy in the period of the period of the pre-Qin period and the internal relation between the national policy and the national policy, and the reflection of the national thought of the pre-Qin period on the later generations A series of problems. In addition to the introduction, the paper It is divided into seven parts: the first part, the origin of the early human in China, The archaeological excavation shows that China is one of the origin of the human origin, and it gradually presents a multi-element development form, which forms an early multi-culture, and it In the millions of years from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age, the development of the multi-element distribution of human is the more obvious and stable flora of the cultural features, and the legend has shown us the original settlement of different cultural areas. A basic overview of the early interracial interactions. Part Two: The Generation of the National Thought in the Xia-Shang Period; The national policy is produced by the emergence of the nation. According to the literature, Xia and Shang two generations are the earliest form of the country in China, and the establishment and the beginning of the summer In the stage of the period, the blending of the culture of the east and west breeds the birth of the Cathaysian family. From the summer of summer to summer, the Chinese family entered a new period of development. The national identification of the two generations of the Xia and Shang dynasties gradually changed from the blood-related relationship. The relationship between the national and the national policies in this period has always been characterized by a strong blood-related relationship, but it has been preliminarily provided with the boundary of the frontier area as the standard. The state of the country implements the basic form of regional national political rule. The third part, the strengthening of the national thought in the Western Zhou period and the national policy. The four-yi people, which are developed by the various cultural regions around the Central Plains, are gradually expanding, because of the interracial communication. In the early part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Dezhi" became the leading thought of the four-barbarians around the Huaxia Group. As a result of the change of the national policy of the nation, the national contradiction has become more and more intense, and the Chinese government has become more and more concerned with the change of the national policy. The powerful impact of the power of the four-barbarians has caused the early stage of the barbarians in our country. The fourth part, the struggle of the national thought of the Spring and Autumn Period and the national policy. The Zhou Dynasty was moved from the east to the Central Plains, and the "to be a member of the royal family" became the theme of the times and in the opposite society of Huyi. In the background, the scholars of the Spring and Autumn, which represent different social strata, deal with the national problems This period, the trend of national integration has been formed in each other's confrontation, especially the edge family. The large amount of Huaxia of the body, which makes the Huaxia people from the culture, the region or the region In the fifth part, the "Hua Yi as a whole" of the national thought of the Republic of China and the national policy, the "large-scale system" and the "a hundred schools of contend" have become the common expectation of the whole society. On the basis of more consensus, the family thought components, on the basis of more common understanding, put forward the national political opinions against the war, the Cathaysian system and the implementation of the Dezhi. The practice of national policy has greatly promoted the first political, national, cultural and regional integration in the history of our country. The sixth, the seventh part, the "Lu's Spring and Autumn", the summary and interpretation of the thought of the pre-Qin people, the basic connotation of the pre-Qin national thought and its influence on the later generations. The scholars have made a summary, combining the national outlook with the concept of the country and rising to the new "the world" view, but because of the writing of the warehouse, it has not been able to complete the organic integration and sublimation of the ideas, and only stay in the theory "a big-and-white man" At the level of , Qin and the former pre-Qin national thought eventually did not get comprehensive, rational summary and systematic re-construction, Zhu-min The theory of the thought of the family is in fact dispersed and independent, neither is formed as a systematic system nor can it form the core cohesion in the political sense. Nevertheless, it has laid the foundation for the Chinese national thought of the later generations, and it is different in different historical stages
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K225
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