漢六朝時期三峽地區(qū)的聚落及相關(guān)問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-24 15:43
【摘要】：聚落的研究是復原和認識人類生存狀態(tài)的一個重要視角。過去,由于漢六朝時期三峽地區(qū)的文獻資料缺乏,學界對該地區(qū)歷史關(guān)注不夠,對人們的生存方式與狀態(tài)的認識較為單薄,對其變化的探索也不夠深入。近二十年來,隨著三峽地區(qū)的大量的考古資料的刊布,為我們重新認識這一問題提供了材料和契機。本文就是運用考古資料和歷史文獻現(xiàn)結(jié)合的方法對漢六朝三峽地區(qū)聚落及相關(guān)問題研究的新成果。 聚落研究的前提是對聚落資料的時空框架的建構(gòu)。本文在附錄中運用較大篇幅對三峽地區(qū)已經(jīng)報道了資料的七百多個遺址進行了較為系統(tǒng)全面的分期研究,初步建立了這一時期考古學文化的時空框架及其基本面貌。分析的結(jié)果是把三峽地區(qū)漢六朝的遺存分為十段三期,分別代表西漢、東漢和六朝三個時期。這三個時期各自具有特征鮮明的文化特征,十段的細化初步勾勒了變化的細節(jié)與過程。 本文第二章對以上三個時期的聚落的特點與變化進行研究。研究的方法是從典型聚落個案材料入手,分析和復原個案的構(gòu)成和基本特征,然后進行分類,歸納各類聚落的特征,最后觀察各類聚落的空間布局、關(guān)系及其變化。分析的結(jié)果表明,郡類、縣類和村類聚落是三個基本的類別,它們在基本設(shè)施的構(gòu)成、布局以及規(guī)模上有顯著不同。最顯著的差異是城的數(shù)量的差異,郡城往往有大小城,縣城有單城,多數(shù)村落無城。我們看到漢六朝蠻人居住的山區(qū)往往也會局部修城,有些村落本來就被安排在外形頗似“城”的高山盆地或平地,這一認識補正了一些學者的看法�？こ峭歉邠�(jù)險,以朐忍城為代表的縣城則把重要的衙署類建筑安排在臨江的臺地中央一帶,而不安排在靠山的高坡地帶,擇地時也并未將其選在澎溪和與長江的交匯處,這頗有特色。墓地普遍被安排在城外或村側(cè)。 由于地質(zhì)、水文以及人文環(huán)境的特殊性,各類聚落中心經(jīng)常處于移動中�？たh城表現(xiàn)為郡縣治的遷移,如巴東郡、宜都郡之類。顯著的證據(jù)是各個遺址的各個時段的遺存普遍缺乏連續(xù)性堆積,年代斷裂現(xiàn)象很普遍。在村落的一些大墓中,六朝人往往被埋入東漢墓中,其年代的連續(xù)性也很差。形成這種狀況的原因僅僅用由于地質(zhì)條件惡劣而導致保存狀況差來解釋是不充分的,其背后還應(yīng)有人文的原因。 從聚落的空間分布看,郡縣城附近往往分布很多居址和墓葬,形成不少人口聚居區(qū),但這并不妨礙在其他土地和資源狀況較好的、非郡縣治所的地方形成聚居區(qū),萬州武陵鎮(zhèn)一帶從西漢、東漢到六朝聚落—直很密集,另一方面,幾處峽谷地帶則一直人煙稀少,或僅有規(guī)模很小的散村。 通過對城、房屋、窯爐、灰坑、墓葬等要素及其空間、區(qū)域布局上的分析與觀察,以上三類村落在三個時期中變化很大。各要素中,墓葬變化最大,由西漢流行的以土坑、巖坑墓為主變化為東漢六朝以磚室、石室、崖墓為主。這一變化帶來了聚落布局、手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的變化。城的變化也很明顯,六朝時期,關(guān)津鎮(zhèn)戍類的城有明顯增加。其背后的政治軍事背景是各類政權(quán)的割據(jù)、征伐和蠻漢的沖突。我們還看到,六朝時期尤其是南北朝州郡縣建制的增加,并未帶類聚落數(shù)量的增加。在人們的生活方式中,六朝時期瓷器的廣泛使用是區(qū)別于兩漢的重大變化,它表明三峽地區(qū)六朝較兩漢對于長江上游和中下游的經(jīng)濟文化影響程度明顯加強。更明顯的變化的聚落數(shù)量的變化,東漢較西漢數(shù)量增加迅速,而六朝則迅速回落,這一變化趨勢與三峽地區(qū)著籍人口的變化同步。 如何理解漢六朝三峽聚落的上述特點與變化?本文第三、四章從人口增減、經(jīng)濟各門類的發(fā)展變化進行了力所能及的探索。我們認為人口的變化是造成聚落變化的主要原因,經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展則是內(nèi)在動力,政治軍事以及民族等因素極大地影響了變化的范圍和程度。本文還用較大篇幅對三峽的內(nèi)外交通狀況做了研究,認為交通格局的特點與變化是聚落發(fā)展變化的反映,也是經(jīng)濟文化交流的反映。三峽考古的新發(fā)現(xiàn)在其中發(fā)揮了重要作用。
[Abstract]:The study of the settlement is an important point of view to restore and recognize the state of human existence. In the past, because of the lack of literature in the Three Gorges area in the period of the Han and the Six Dynasties, the academic circle has not paid enough attention to the region's historical attention, and the understanding of the way and state of the people's existence is relatively thin, and the exploration of its change is not deep enough. Over the past two decades, with the publication of a great deal of archaeological data in the Three Gorges area, we have provided materials and opportunities for us to re-recognize the problem. This paper is the new achievement of the research on the settlement and related problems in the Three Gorges area by the method of the combination of the archaeological data and the historical documents. The premise of the settlement study is the construction of the space-time frame of the settlement data In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive study of the seven hundred sites in the Three Gorges area has been carried out in the appendix, and the space-time framework and the fundamentals of the archaeological culture in this period have been preliminarily established. The result of the analysis is to divide the legacy of the Six Dynasties in the Three Gorges area into three phases, representing the three aspects of the Western Han, the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties, respectively. The three periods each have a distinctive cultural characteristic, and the refinement of the ten segments has outlined the details of the change and the past The second chapter of this article is about the characteristics and changes of the settlement of the above three periods. The method of the study is to start, analyze and restore the composition and basic characteristics of the case from the typical settlement case material, then to classify and summarize the characteristics of all kinds of settlement, and finally to observe the spatial layout, relation and relationship of all kinds of settlement. The results of the analysis show that the settlements of the class, the county and the village are three basic categories, which are significant in the construction, layout and scale of the basic facilities. The most significant difference is the difference in the number of the cities. The city is often a large city. The county has a single city, most of the villages We see that the mountain areas where the barbarians live in the Han and the Six Dynasties are often in the city, and some of the villages would have been arranged in a high-"a city"-like high-mountain basin or the ground, which corrected some of the scholars The city is often in high risk, and the county seat, which is represented by the Ninja City, is arranged in the central area of the platform of the Linjiang, and it is not arranged in the high-slope of the mountain, and it is not selected at the intersection of the Penang and the Yangtze River. It's a feature. The cemetery is generally arranged outside the city. or the village side. Due to the particularity of the geological, the hydrology and the human environment, the various settlement centers often In the course of the movement, the county-level county is the migration of the county and the county, such as the Badong county, The obvious evidence is that there is a general lack of continuity accumulation during the various time periods of the various sites, and the age is broken. The phenomenon is common. In some of the large tombs of the village, the six-way people are often buried in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its ties The continuation is also poor. The reason for this condition is that it is not sufficient to explain the difference in the condition of the preservation due to the poor geological conditions, and there should be a return on the back. In view of the spatial distribution of the settlements, many residential sites and tombs are often distributed in the vicinity of the county, forming a lot of population-inhabited areas, but this does not prevent the formation of a colony in other land and resources, and the local area where the county is to be treated. The area of Lingzhen is from the west to the west, from the east to the six towards the settlement, and on the other hand, some of the valley areas have been sparsely populated or only A small village with small scale. Through the analysis and observation on the factors such as city, house, kiln, ash pit, and tomb, and the analysis and observation on the regional layout, the above three types of villages are During the three periods, the change of the tomb was the largest. The main change of the tomb and the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty was the brick of the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties. The chamber, the stone chamber, the tomb are the main. This change brings the settlement layout The change of the production of the handicraft industry. The change of the city is also obvious, in the period of six dynasties, the town of Gujin There is a marked increase in the city's city. The political and military background behind it is the secant of various regimes. We have also seen an increase in the number of formed units in the six-way period, especially in the Southern and Southern Dynasties, and did not In the way of people's life, the wide use of China's porcelain in the period of six dynasties is different from the major change of the two Han people, which shows that the six dynasties of the Three Gorges area are the economic text of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The degree of influence is obviously enhanced. The change of the number of the settlement of the more obvious change, the higher the number of the Eastern Han and the Western Han, and the rapid fall of the six dynasties, the trend of the change is similar to that of the Three Gorges area. The synchronization of the change of the author's population. How to understand the Han-six-to-three The above-mentioned characteristics and changes of the isthmus of the isthmus? The third and fourth chapter of this paper is to change the development of the various branches of the economy from the increase or decrease of the population and the We believe that the change of the population is the main cause of the change of the settlement, and the development of the economy is the internal power, the political and military and the national factors. In this paper, the internal and external traffic conditions of the Three Gorges are studied. The characteristics and changes of the traffic pattern are the reflection of the change of the settlement development. It is also a reflection of the economic and cultural exchange of the Three Gorges.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K234;K235
本文編號：2446460
[Abstract]:The study of the settlement is an important point of view to restore and recognize the state of human existence. In the past, because of the lack of literature in the Three Gorges area in the period of the Han and the Six Dynasties, the academic circle has not paid enough attention to the region's historical attention, and the understanding of the way and state of the people's existence is relatively thin, and the exploration of its change is not deep enough. Over the past two decades, with the publication of a great deal of archaeological data in the Three Gorges area, we have provided materials and opportunities for us to re-recognize the problem. This paper is the new achievement of the research on the settlement and related problems in the Three Gorges area by the method of the combination of the archaeological data and the historical documents. The premise of the settlement study is the construction of the space-time frame of the settlement data In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive study of the seven hundred sites in the Three Gorges area has been carried out in the appendix, and the space-time framework and the fundamentals of the archaeological culture in this period have been preliminarily established. The result of the analysis is to divide the legacy of the Six Dynasties in the Three Gorges area into three phases, representing the three aspects of the Western Han, the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties, respectively. The three periods each have a distinctive cultural characteristic, and the refinement of the ten segments has outlined the details of the change and the past The second chapter of this article is about the characteristics and changes of the settlement of the above three periods. The method of the study is to start, analyze and restore the composition and basic characteristics of the case from the typical settlement case material, then to classify and summarize the characteristics of all kinds of settlement, and finally to observe the spatial layout, relation and relationship of all kinds of settlement. The results of the analysis show that the settlements of the class, the county and the village are three basic categories, which are significant in the construction, layout and scale of the basic facilities. The most significant difference is the difference in the number of the cities. The city is often a large city. The county has a single city, most of the villages We see that the mountain areas where the barbarians live in the Han and the Six Dynasties are often in the city, and some of the villages would have been arranged in a high-"a city"-like high-mountain basin or the ground, which corrected some of the scholars The city is often in high risk, and the county seat, which is represented by the Ninja City, is arranged in the central area of the platform of the Linjiang, and it is not arranged in the high-slope of the mountain, and it is not selected at the intersection of the Penang and the Yangtze River. It's a feature. The cemetery is generally arranged outside the city. or the village side. Due to the particularity of the geological, the hydrology and the human environment, the various settlement centers often In the course of the movement, the county-level county is the migration of the county and the county, such as the Badong county, The obvious evidence is that there is a general lack of continuity accumulation during the various time periods of the various sites, and the age is broken. The phenomenon is common. In some of the large tombs of the village, the six-way people are often buried in the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its ties The continuation is also poor. The reason for this condition is that it is not sufficient to explain the difference in the condition of the preservation due to the poor geological conditions, and there should be a return on the back. In view of the spatial distribution of the settlements, many residential sites and tombs are often distributed in the vicinity of the county, forming a lot of population-inhabited areas, but this does not prevent the formation of a colony in other land and resources, and the local area where the county is to be treated. The area of Lingzhen is from the west to the west, from the east to the six towards the settlement, and on the other hand, some of the valley areas have been sparsely populated or only A small village with small scale. Through the analysis and observation on the factors such as city, house, kiln, ash pit, and tomb, and the analysis and observation on the regional layout, the above three types of villages are During the three periods, the change of the tomb was the largest. The main change of the tomb and the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty was the brick of the Eastern Han and the Six Dynasties. The chamber, the stone chamber, the tomb are the main. This change brings the settlement layout The change of the production of the handicraft industry. The change of the city is also obvious, in the period of six dynasties, the town of Gujin There is a marked increase in the city's city. The political and military background behind it is the secant of various regimes. We have also seen an increase in the number of formed units in the six-way period, especially in the Southern and Southern Dynasties, and did not In the way of people's life, the wide use of China's porcelain in the period of six dynasties is different from the major change of the two Han people, which shows that the six dynasties of the Three Gorges area are the economic text of the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The degree of influence is obviously enhanced. The change of the number of the settlement of the more obvious change, the higher the number of the Eastern Han and the Western Han, and the rapid fall of the six dynasties, the trend of the change is similar to that of the Three Gorges area. The synchronization of the change of the author's population. How to understand the Han-six-to-three The above-mentioned characteristics and changes of the isthmus of the isthmus? The third and fourth chapter of this paper is to change the development of the various branches of the economy from the increase or decrease of the population and the We believe that the change of the population is the main cause of the change of the settlement, and the development of the economy is the internal power, the political and military and the national factors. In this paper, the internal and external traffic conditions of the Three Gorges are studied. The characteristics and changes of the traffic pattern are the reflection of the change of the settlement development. It is also a reflection of the economic and cultural exchange of the Three Gorges.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K234;K235
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條
1 連雯;魏晉南北朝時期南方生態(tài)環(huán)境下的居民生活[D];南開大學;2013年
，本文編號：2446460
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