馬文升研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-09 21:06
【摘要】：明朝中期，社會(huì)政局動(dòng)蕩不安，階級(jí)矛盾、統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)內(nèi)部矛盾以及民族矛盾交相激化。成化、弘治兩朝，馬文升憑借著卓越的軍事才能和政治才能，以“治國(guó)平天下”為己任，積極投身于社會(huì)變革的潮流。其中成化年間，馬文升協(xié)助項(xiàng)忠較好地處理了滿四叛亂，這既消除了當(dāng)時(shí)西北地區(qū)潛在的邊疆危機(jī)，又使得固原這一抵御蒙古南侵的軍事重鎮(zhèn)變得更加重要，而馬文升作為邊防大臣開(kāi)始在西北大顯身手。巡撫陜西七年期間，馬文升在剪除盜賊、安撫流民、筑城修墩、修茶馬政和積極抗擊蒙古入侵等一系列活動(dòng)中取得較大成就，緩和了西北地區(qū)的階級(jí)矛盾，在一定程度上改變了當(dāng)時(shí)邊防廢弛的局面，大大增強(qiáng)了西北邊疆的防御能力，并有效地遏制了西北蒙古民族的侵犯。馬文升前后三次到遼東，整飭薊門(mén)至遼東邊備，緩解了蒙古勢(shì)力東移對(duì)明朝北部邊防的軍事威脅；平定海西散赤哈叛亂，安撫女真各部，在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)成功地維持了明朝、蒙古和女真各部之間的勢(shì)力平衡，使得北方邊境保持了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的安定。馬文升在弘治朝任職期間，由于得到孝宗的信任，始終被委以重任，達(dá)到了其仕宦生涯的頂峰。出任兵部尚書(shū)期間，他進(jìn)一步完善以守為長(zhǎng)策的戰(zhàn)略方針，盡心戎務(wù)，在屯田、馬政、邊備、守御等方面貢獻(xiàn)很大，多少改變了邊備空虛的狀態(tài)，使得弘治朝成為明朝中期和后期北部邊防最好的時(shí)期。馬文升才兼文武，不僅在鞏固邊防上屢建功勛，還在輔佐朝政上有所建樹(shù)。他竭心盡力，忠于職守，勤奮治事，提出了許多治理國(guó)家的理論思想和對(duì)策，很多付諸實(shí)施并取得成效，如他曾建議孝宗斥逐奸邪、裁革傳奉官、寬宥言官，提醒孝宗注意減輕百姓賦役、安撫流民、節(jié)省費(fèi)用；尤其在改任吏部尚書(shū)之后，他注意培養(yǎng)人材，嚴(yán)格考核官吏，整頓官場(chǎng)秩序等等。整個(gè)弘治年間，社會(huì)相對(duì)比較安定，吏治相對(duì)比較清明，邊防相對(duì)比較平靜，出現(xiàn)了歷史上的“弘治中興”，可以說(shuō)馬文升是有很大功勞的。馬文升給明中期日趨腐敗的政治軀體注入了一些生機(jī)和活力，從而維持了明中期政局的穩(wěn)定，減緩了明王朝的滅亡。
[Abstract]:In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the social political situation was turbulent, the class contradiction, the ruling group internal contradiction and the national contradiction were intensified. Cheng Hua, Hongzhi two dynasties, Ma Wensheng by virtue of outstanding military and political talent, to "rule the country and calm the world" as their own responsibility, actively engaged in the trend of social change. During the Chenghua period, Ma Wensheng assisted Xiang Zhong in handling the Manchurian rebellion better, which not only eliminated the potential border crisis in the Northwest region at that time, but also made Guyuan, a military stronghold to resist the southward invasion of Mongolia, even more important. And Ma Wensheng as the border minister began to play a role in the northwest. During the seven-year period of governor Shaanxi, Ma Wensheng made great achievements in a series of activities, such as cutting out thieves, appeasing displaced people, building cities and piers, repairing tea and horse politics, and actively fighting against the Mongolian invasion, thus easing the class contradictions in the Northwest region. To some extent, it changed the situation of border defense, greatly strengthened the defense ability of the northwest frontier area, and effectively restrained the invasion of the northwest Mongolian nation. Ma Wensheng went to Liaodong three times before and after, rectifying the thistle gate to the edge of Liaodong, which alleviated the military threat of Mongolian forces moving eastward to the northern border of Ming Dynasty. In order to calm down the Hesi Sanchiha rebellion and appease the Nu Zhen ministries, the balance of power between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia and Nuzhen ministries was successfully maintained within a certain period of time, making the northern border maintain a long period of stability. During his tenure in Hongzhi, Ma Wensheng was always entrusted with a heavy task because of his filial piety, and reached the pinnacle of his official career. During his tenure as Shang Shu of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, he further improved his strategic policy of keeping guard as a long-term policy, devoted his heart to military affairs, and made great contributions in the areas of Tuen Tin, horse politics, guard and guard, and so on, and somewhat changed the state of emptiness at the same time. The Hongzhi Dynasty became the best period of the northern border defense in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Ma Wensheng, both talented and civil, not only in the consolidation of border defense, but also in supporting the government. He tried his best, devoted himself to his duty, and managed affairs diligently, and put forward many theoretical ideas and countermeasures for governing the country, many of which were put into practice and achieved results. Remind Xiaozong to pay attention to lighten the people's taxes, appease the displaced, and save money; Especially after he changed his post, he paid attention to the cultivation of talents, strict examination of officials, rectification of official order, and so on. During the whole period of Hongzhi, the society was relatively stable, the officials were relatively clear and the border defense was relatively calm. Ma Wensheng injected some vigor and vitality into the increasingly corrupt political body of the middle Ming Dynasty, thus maintaining the political stability in the middle Ming Dynasty and slowing down the death of the Ming Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248
本文編號(hào)：2321558
[Abstract]:In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the social political situation was turbulent, the class contradiction, the ruling group internal contradiction and the national contradiction were intensified. Cheng Hua, Hongzhi two dynasties, Ma Wensheng by virtue of outstanding military and political talent, to "rule the country and calm the world" as their own responsibility, actively engaged in the trend of social change. During the Chenghua period, Ma Wensheng assisted Xiang Zhong in handling the Manchurian rebellion better, which not only eliminated the potential border crisis in the Northwest region at that time, but also made Guyuan, a military stronghold to resist the southward invasion of Mongolia, even more important. And Ma Wensheng as the border minister began to play a role in the northwest. During the seven-year period of governor Shaanxi, Ma Wensheng made great achievements in a series of activities, such as cutting out thieves, appeasing displaced people, building cities and piers, repairing tea and horse politics, and actively fighting against the Mongolian invasion, thus easing the class contradictions in the Northwest region. To some extent, it changed the situation of border defense, greatly strengthened the defense ability of the northwest frontier area, and effectively restrained the invasion of the northwest Mongolian nation. Ma Wensheng went to Liaodong three times before and after, rectifying the thistle gate to the edge of Liaodong, which alleviated the military threat of Mongolian forces moving eastward to the northern border of Ming Dynasty. In order to calm down the Hesi Sanchiha rebellion and appease the Nu Zhen ministries, the balance of power between the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia and Nuzhen ministries was successfully maintained within a certain period of time, making the northern border maintain a long period of stability. During his tenure in Hongzhi, Ma Wensheng was always entrusted with a heavy task because of his filial piety, and reached the pinnacle of his official career. During his tenure as Shang Shu of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, he further improved his strategic policy of keeping guard as a long-term policy, devoted his heart to military affairs, and made great contributions in the areas of Tuen Tin, horse politics, guard and guard, and so on, and somewhat changed the state of emptiness at the same time. The Hongzhi Dynasty became the best period of the northern border defense in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Ma Wensheng, both talented and civil, not only in the consolidation of border defense, but also in supporting the government. He tried his best, devoted himself to his duty, and managed affairs diligently, and put forward many theoretical ideas and countermeasures for governing the country, many of which were put into practice and achieved results. Remind Xiaozong to pay attention to lighten the people's taxes, appease the displaced, and save money; Especially after he changed his post, he paid attention to the cultivation of talents, strict examination of officials, rectification of official order, and so on. During the whole period of Hongzhi, the society was relatively stable, the officials were relatively clear and the border defense was relatively calm. Ma Wensheng injected some vigor and vitality into the increasingly corrupt political body of the middle Ming Dynasty, thus maintaining the political stability in the middle Ming Dynasty and slowing down the death of the Ming Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 崔存嶺;馬文升的西北邊防文獻(xiàn)整理和研究[D];江西師范大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號(hào)：2321558
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