慶歷之際的文化轉(zhuǎn)型：宋學(xué)的歷史生成
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-09 08:28
【摘要】：北宋慶歷之際是中國古代思想文化史上的一個轉(zhuǎn)型時代。它是宋學(xué)的生成期,也是漢唐文化向宋文化的轉(zhuǎn)型期。慶歷之際,即宋仁宗一朝,有著良好的政治人文環(huán)境。重文的社會背境,仁宗寬容的為政風(fēng)格,內(nèi)憂外患的時局激發(fā),士人以天下為己任的主體精神及自由議論之風(fēng)等因素匯合在一起,士人的主體意識張揚,他們在政治上革新求變,學(xué)術(shù)上大膽創(chuàng)新,疑經(jīng)思潮興起,思想領(lǐng)域充滿活力,終于促成了這一轉(zhuǎn)型的發(fā)生。 慶歷之際的文化轉(zhuǎn)型大致可以分為三個階段：天圣——康定年間,是宋學(xué)的醞釀發(fā)生期；慶歷——皇yP年間,是宋學(xué)的興起期,疑經(jīng)變古思潮涌現(xiàn)；至和——嘉yP年間,是宋學(xué)的發(fā)展期,“道德性命”之學(xué)流行,形成眾多理學(xué)思想體系,文學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)型進一步發(fā)展。 慶歷之際的文化轉(zhuǎn)型主要表現(xiàn)于經(jīng)學(xué)、儒學(xué)和文學(xué)等領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)型首先表現(xiàn)為對漢儒傳注之學(xué)的揚棄。宋人跳出漢唐經(jīng)學(xué)的窠臼,突破了漢儒偏于訓(xùn)詁傳注的繁言瑣碎及狹小格局,以義理說經(jīng),關(guān)注現(xiàn)實,通經(jīng)致用,更具人文精神,使儒家學(xué)說拓展出更廣闊的領(lǐng)域。宋儒們大膽疑經(jīng),不盲從傳注舊說,從古代經(jīng)典的源頭上探尋微言大義。疑經(jīng),新解,層出不窮,使得儒家經(jīng)典又逐步回歸到它關(guān)注現(xiàn)實人生的本來面目。 宋學(xué)的核心在于理學(xué),慶歷之際是理學(xué)的生成興起期。儒學(xué)的重心在慶歷之際轉(zhuǎn)向心性義理之學(xué),它借鑒佛、道的理論,在道、理、心、性、氣等概念的闡釋上開拓新義,學(xué)說的內(nèi)在邏輯性更加嚴密。宋儒以“性與天道”作為其理論的主要內(nèi)容,以“理”、“道”作為溝通天人的橋梁,在形上層面的理論建構(gòu),諸如心性論、本體論、認識論等方面,都使儒家學(xué)說改變了此前與佛道競爭的被動局面,不再拘守于政治及倫理的領(lǐng)域,開始進入身心修養(yǎng)及精微的思辨之域,在尋找社會人生的規(guī)范,講求修身成德的途徑等方面都有新的發(fā)展。《四書》學(xué)的興起,使經(jīng)學(xué)重心發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,理學(xué)家借助《四書》構(gòu)建他們的理學(xué)體系,經(jīng)學(xué)與理學(xué)合一。 在宋文化轉(zhuǎn)型和宋學(xué)的生成過程中,文學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)型也構(gòu)成了這一轉(zhuǎn)型的重要組成部分。慶歷之際的古文運動,其思想背景就是儒學(xué)的復(fù)興運動,“文以載道”的口號,反映出古文運動與儒學(xué)復(fù)興運動之間的緊密關(guān)系。古文運動至此取得了決定性的勝利,文從字順、明白曉暢的文風(fēng)取代了重視辭藻、追求華麗的文風(fēng)；在詩歌領(lǐng)域,也一改宋初的模仿習(xí)氣,形成宋詩的尚理、重學(xué)、追求平淡之風(fēng),展現(xiàn)出宋詩的獨特風(fēng)格。
[Abstract]:The Northern Song Dynasty was a transitional period in the history of ancient Chinese ideology and culture. It is the generation period of Song school and the transition period from Han and Tang culture to Song culture. On the occasion of the celebration of the calendar, that is, Song Renzong, there was a good political and humanistic environment. The social background of the heavy literature, the tolerant political style of benevolence, the current situation of internal and external troubles, the scholars' subjective spirit of taking the world as their own responsibility and the style of free discussion converged together, and the scholars' subjective consciousness was made public. Their political innovation, academic bold innovation, the rise of the ideological trend, ideological field full of vitality, finally contributed to this transformation. The cultural transformation during the period of Qingli can be divided into three stages: Tiansh-Kangding period, the gestation period of Song School, the Qing Li-Emperor yP period, the rising period of Song School, and the emergence of the trend of thought of changing the Classics into the Ancient Times. During the period of He-Jia yP, it was the development period of Song school, the study of "moral life" became popular, formed numerous Neo-Confucianism thought system, and the literary transformation developed further. The cultural transformation in the period of Qingli is mainly manifested in the fields of classics, Confucianism and literature. The transformation of Confucian classics is first reflected in the sublation of the study of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. The Song people jumped out of the pattern of Confucian classics in Han and Tang dynasties, broke through the trivial and narrow pattern of the Confucian scholars who were partial to exegesis, said the sutras with justice, paid attention to the reality, used the classics, and made the Confucian doctrine expand into a broader field. The Confucians of the Song Dynasty were bold to doubt the scriptures, not to blindly follow the old theory, but to explore the great meaning of misrepresentation from the source of the ancient classics. Doubt, new interpretation, endlessly, so that the Confucian classics gradually return to its attention to the reality of life as it is. The core of Song School is Neo-Confucianism, and Qingli is the rising period of Neo-Confucianism. The focus of Confucianism turns to the study of mental nature, justice and principle at the time of the celebration of the calendar. It draws lessons from the theory of Buddhism and Taoism, and develops new meanings in the interpretation of the concepts of Tao, reason, heart, sex and qi, and the inner logic of the theory becomes more rigorous. In Song Dynasty, the main content of his theory is "Nature and Heaven", and the "reason" and "Tao" are used as the bridge between heaven and man, and the theoretical construction on the metaphysical level, such as the theory of mind, ontology, epistemology, and so on. Both make Confucianism change the passive situation of competition with Buddhism and Taoism, no longer stick to the field of politics and ethics, begin to enter the realm of body and mind cultivation and subtle speculation, and look for the norms of society and life. The rise of "four Books" makes the center of gravity of the Confucian classics shift, and the Neo-Confucianism constructs their Neo-Confucianism system with the help of the "four Books" to combine the Confucian classics with the Neo-Confucianism. In the process of the transformation of Song culture and the formation of Song School, the transformation of literature also constitutes an important part of this transformation. The ideological background of the ancient prose movement on the occasion of celebrating the calendar is the revival movement of Confucianism. The slogan "carrying the Tao in the text" reflects the close relationship between the ancient prose movement and the revival movement of Confucianism. The ancient prose movement thus obtained the decisive victory, the text from the word order, understood Xiao Chang's style of writing to replace the attention to rhetoric, the pursuit of magnificent style of writing; In the field of poetry, it also changed the imitation habits in the early Song Dynasty, formed the principle of Song poetry, emphasized learning, pursued the insipid style, and displayed the unique style of Song poetry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K244;B244
本文編號：2319885
[Abstract]:The Northern Song Dynasty was a transitional period in the history of ancient Chinese ideology and culture. It is the generation period of Song school and the transition period from Han and Tang culture to Song culture. On the occasion of the celebration of the calendar, that is, Song Renzong, there was a good political and humanistic environment. The social background of the heavy literature, the tolerant political style of benevolence, the current situation of internal and external troubles, the scholars' subjective spirit of taking the world as their own responsibility and the style of free discussion converged together, and the scholars' subjective consciousness was made public. Their political innovation, academic bold innovation, the rise of the ideological trend, ideological field full of vitality, finally contributed to this transformation. The cultural transformation during the period of Qingli can be divided into three stages: Tiansh-Kangding period, the gestation period of Song School, the Qing Li-Emperor yP period, the rising period of Song School, and the emergence of the trend of thought of changing the Classics into the Ancient Times. During the period of He-Jia yP, it was the development period of Song school, the study of "moral life" became popular, formed numerous Neo-Confucianism thought system, and the literary transformation developed further. The cultural transformation in the period of Qingli is mainly manifested in the fields of classics, Confucianism and literature. The transformation of Confucian classics is first reflected in the sublation of the study of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. The Song people jumped out of the pattern of Confucian classics in Han and Tang dynasties, broke through the trivial and narrow pattern of the Confucian scholars who were partial to exegesis, said the sutras with justice, paid attention to the reality, used the classics, and made the Confucian doctrine expand into a broader field. The Confucians of the Song Dynasty were bold to doubt the scriptures, not to blindly follow the old theory, but to explore the great meaning of misrepresentation from the source of the ancient classics. Doubt, new interpretation, endlessly, so that the Confucian classics gradually return to its attention to the reality of life as it is. The core of Song School is Neo-Confucianism, and Qingli is the rising period of Neo-Confucianism. The focus of Confucianism turns to the study of mental nature, justice and principle at the time of the celebration of the calendar. It draws lessons from the theory of Buddhism and Taoism, and develops new meanings in the interpretation of the concepts of Tao, reason, heart, sex and qi, and the inner logic of the theory becomes more rigorous. In Song Dynasty, the main content of his theory is "Nature and Heaven", and the "reason" and "Tao" are used as the bridge between heaven and man, and the theoretical construction on the metaphysical level, such as the theory of mind, ontology, epistemology, and so on. Both make Confucianism change the passive situation of competition with Buddhism and Taoism, no longer stick to the field of politics and ethics, begin to enter the realm of body and mind cultivation and subtle speculation, and look for the norms of society and life. The rise of "four Books" makes the center of gravity of the Confucian classics shift, and the Neo-Confucianism constructs their Neo-Confucianism system with the help of the "four Books" to combine the Confucian classics with the Neo-Confucianism. In the process of the transformation of Song culture and the formation of Song School, the transformation of literature also constitutes an important part of this transformation. The ideological background of the ancient prose movement on the occasion of celebrating the calendar is the revival movement of Confucianism. The slogan "carrying the Tao in the text" reflects the close relationship between the ancient prose movement and the revival movement of Confucianism. The ancient prose movement thus obtained the decisive victory, the text from the word order, understood Xiao Chang's style of writing to replace the attention to rhetoric, the pursuit of magnificent style of writing; In the field of poetry, it also changed the imitation habits in the early Song Dynasty, formed the principle of Song poetry, emphasized learning, pursued the insipid style, and displayed the unique style of Song poetry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K244;B244
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