【摘要】： 漢武帝時(shí)期掀起了中國歷史上第二個(gè)興修水利的高潮,在我國水利發(fā)展史上占有重要地位,對(duì)后世的影響是全方位多角度的。興修水利在生產(chǎn)力尚不發(fā)達(dá)的古代社會(huì)是一項(xiàng)非常艱巨的事業(yè),需要強(qiáng)有力的政權(quán)的組織、協(xié)調(diào)才能完成,對(duì)人力、物力、財(cái)力的占用、消耗是相當(dāng)巨大的,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、階級(jí)關(guān)系都會(huì)產(chǎn)生極大的影響,事關(guān)國計(jì)民生和國運(yùn)的興衰。本文擬從漢武帝興水利入手,弄清以下幾個(gè)問題: 首先,通過回顧漢武帝的水利建設(shè)及其效果,闡明實(shí)際效果差強(qiáng)人意,說得上是事倍功半。再從社會(huì)影響來分析,水利建設(shè)對(duì)漢武帝后期的統(tǒng)治危機(jī)實(shí)際上起了推波助瀾的作用�？傮w上看漢武帝水利建設(shè)在他在位期間是得不償失。 其次,論述漢武帝水利建設(shè)與昭宣中興的關(guān)系。著重說明昭宣時(shí)期不用耗費(fèi)多少人力、物力、財(cái)力,就可以坐享漢武帝水利建設(shè)的成果,可謂前人栽樹、后人乘涼�！罢研信d”的實(shí)現(xiàn),漢武帝水利建設(shè)功不可沒。 再次,揭示漢武帝水利建設(shè)與西漢后期黃河中下游水災(zāi)、河患的關(guān)系。水災(zāi)、河患頻繁就在于泥沙在黃河中下游淤積,致使河床抬高成為地上河。而河床淤積速度快慢,一在水,一在沙,水多沙少則淤積放慢,水少沙多則淤積加速。漢武帝水利建設(shè)重點(diǎn)地區(qū)在關(guān)中和西北,一方面,造成水土流失加劇,入黃泥沙增多;另一方面,大量引用黃河水溉田,使黃河水量減少,輸送泥沙能力下降。這一出一入加速了黃河河床的淤積抬高,加劇了水災(zāi)、河患。 最后,說明西漢王朝由盛而衰,由衰而亡固然是各種因素共同作用的結(jié)果,但水災(zāi)、河患等自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),無疑加劇了社會(huì)危機(jī),激化了社會(huì)矛盾,大大加速了這一過程,成為西漢王朝由盛而衰的催化劑,加速器。
[Abstract]:The period of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty set off the second climax of water conservancy construction in Chinese history, which occupies an important position in the history of water conservancy development in China, and its influence on later generations is omnidirectional and multi-angle. The construction of water conservancy is a very arduous undertaking in an ancient society where the productive forces are still underdeveloped. It requires strong political power organizations and coordination to complete it. The occupation of manpower, material resources and financial resources is quite enormous, and it is very important to economic development at that time. Social stability, class relations will have a great impact on the national economy and people's livelihood and the rise and fall of national luck. This paper intends to start with the development of water conservancy by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and make clear the following problems: firstly, by reviewing the construction and effect of water conservancy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the author clarifies that the actual effect is not satisfactory. In other words, half the effort. From the social impact, the construction of water conservancy actually contributed to the ruling crisis in the late Han Dynasty. Generally speaking, the water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu in the Han Dynasty was not worth the gain during his reign. Secondly, it discusses the relationship between water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu and Zhaoxuan Zhongxing. The emphasis is to explain how much manpower, material and financial resources need not be spent in Zhaoxuan period to enjoy the achievements of water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The realization of "Zhao Xuan Zhong Xing" contributed to the construction of water conservancy by Emperor Wu Di of the Han Dynasty. Thirdly, it reveals the relationship between water conservancy construction and flood and river infestation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the late Western Han Dynasty. The frequent flood is caused by the silt deposition in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, which causes the river bed to rise and become an overlying river. The deposition rate of river bed is fast and slow, one is in water, one is in sand, the other is in water and sand, and the more water is less sand, the more silt is, and the more water is less sand, the more siltation is accelerated. In the key areas of water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in Guanzhong and northwestern China, on the one hand, the soil and water loss is aggravated, and the sediment into Yellow River is increased. This entry accelerates the siltation of the Yellow River bed, exacerbates floods and floods. Finally, it is explained that the West Han Dynasty from prosperity to decline, from decline to death of course is the result of various factors, but floods, river disasters and other natural disasters frequently, undoubtedly exacerbated the social crisis, intensified social contradictions, greatly accelerated the process. Became the Western Han Dynasty from prosperity and decline of the catalyst, accelerator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：K234.1

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