【摘要】： 經(jīng)筵制度是中國古代皇帝的教育制度,其正式制度化,是在北宋宋仁宗在位時(shí)期完成。在這之前,經(jīng)筵制度的淵源發(fā)展有三條線索：第一是先秦的保傅制、第二是東漢侍講制、第三是南北朝的執(zhí)經(jīng)制。先秦的保傅制,負(fù)責(zé)天子的教育、道德、健康,乃至與天子分享最高統(tǒng)治權(quán)威。隨著君主集權(quán)加強(qiáng),獨(dú)裁的皇帝制度不可能容許保傅制的存在。到東漢,采取臨時(shí)召喚學(xué)者講授知識(shí)的形式,即侍講制,執(zhí)行原來保傅制的教育職能。不過侍講制之下,講授者面臨身份的問題,特別是不能體現(xiàn)尊師重道的傳統(tǒng)儒家道德規(guī)范。執(zhí)經(jīng)制是種治標(biāo)的手段,通過在公開場合與皇帝、太子的親近,樹立師德權(quán)威�；实圩鳛閲易罡邫�(quán)威,在行動(dòng)、言語、施政、思想諸方面,又的確需要有足夠的學(xué)術(shù)修養(yǎng)支撐。所以唐代通過翰林學(xué)士院,這一典型的清顯貴華所在,從中挑選、任命皇帝的輔導(dǎo)者。所以說,北宋的經(jīng)筵制度,實(shí)際上是對以上諸般旨在取代先秦保傅制的措施的綜合。 針對以往經(jīng)筵制度,尤其是宋朝經(jīng)筵制度研究的欠缺之處,如經(jīng)筵一詞最早出現(xiàn)于唐詩、宋朝經(jīng)筵官應(yīng)該是七種、經(jīng)筵官選任存在一些特例等等,一一通過史料考證,得出新見。同時(shí),以宋寧宗朝經(jīng)筵史實(shí)為例,考出宋寧宗朝經(jīng)筵官,大致展示宋寧宗時(shí)期經(jīng)筵制度運(yùn)行的概況,反映宋朝經(jīng)筵制度運(yùn)行的一個(gè)側(cè)面。宋朝能夠確立經(jīng)筵制度,并始終發(fā)揮效力,在深層次的意義上,反映了宋朝重視制度建設(shè)的時(shí)代精神,又與宋朝的崇文抑武治國思想、尊崇祖宗之法的政治環(huán)境有關(guān)。 宋朝經(jīng)筵制度是一個(gè)成功的制度建設(shè)案例,影響到金、元、明、清乃至朝鮮半島、越南等朝代、地區(qū)都加以繼承或借鑒。從經(jīng)筵制度的設(shè)計(jì)來看,經(jīng)筵制協(xié)調(diào)了皇帝與大臣在學(xué)術(shù)角色、政治角色上的悖論,造就了獨(dú)有的“不是老師”觀；從經(jīng)筵制度的實(shí)踐來看,在一定程度上,降低了昏君、暴君出現(xiàn)的幾率。宋朝士大夫政治的最高理想,是達(dá)成儒家的“王道”社會(huì),而宋朝經(jīng)筵的終極目標(biāo),則是“致君堯舜”,也就是君德的養(yǎng)成。
[Abstract]:Jing Yan system is the educational system of ancient Chinese emperors, and its formal institutionalization was completed during the reign of Song Rinzong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Before this, there were three clues to the development of the Jingyan system: first, the system of preQin Dynasty, the second of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the third of the Southern and Northern dynasties. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, he was responsible for the education, morality, health, and sharing the supreme authority with the emperor. With the strengthening of the monarch's centralization, the autocratic system of emperors could not tolerate the existence of the imperial system. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the form of temporary summons scholars to teach knowledge, that is, lecture system, to carry out the original education function of the Fu system. However, lecturers face the problem of identity, especially the traditional Confucian ethics of respecting teachers. It is a palliative means to establish the authority of teacher morality through the closeness of emperor and prince in public. As the supreme authority of the state, the emperor did need enough academic support in action, speech, administration and thought. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty through the Hanlin Bachelor's College, this typical Qing Xianghua, from which the appointment of the emperor's counselors. Therefore, the Jingyan system of the Northern Song Dynasty is actually a synthesis of the above measures aimed at replacing the pre-Qin Dynasty's protection of the Fu system. In view of the lack of research on the system of Jing Yan in the past, especially in the Song Dynasty, for example, the word Jing Yan first appeared in Tang poetry, there should be seven kinds of officials in the Song Dynasty, and there are some special cases in the selection and appointment of Jing Yan officials, and so on, one by one through historical materials. Come up with a new idea. At the same time, taking the historical facts of Song Ningzong's Jing Yan as an example, the author makes an examination of the Song Ningzong's Jing Yan officials, and shows the general situation of the Song Ningzong's Jingyan system, which reflects a side of the Song Dynasty's Jing Yan system. The Song Dynasty was able to establish the system of Jing Yan and always exert its effect. In a deep sense, it reflected the spirit of the times in which the Song Dynasty attached importance to the construction of the system, and was also related to the political environment in which the Song Dynasty's thought of worshiping literature suppressed the rule of military affairs and respected the law of the ancestors. The Jing Yan system of Song Dynasty is a successful case of system construction, which affects Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and even the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam and other dynasties. From the point of view of the design of the Jingyan system, it coordinates the paradox between the emperor and the minister in their academic and political roles, and creates a unique view of "not being a teacher"; from the practice of the Jingyan system, to a certain extent, it reduces the loss of the emperor. The chance of a tyrant. The highest ideal of the politics of the literati and officials in the Song Dynasty was to achieve the Confucian "royal way" society, and the ultimate goal of the imperial feast of the Song Dynasty was "to the emperor, Yao and Shun", that is, the cultivation of the monarch's virtue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K244

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 鄒賀;;宋朝經(jīng)筵制度補(bǔ)闕[J];貴州文史叢刊;2012年02期

2 魏彥紅;;北宋皇帝重教研究綜述[J];河北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年05期

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相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郭小轉(zhuǎn);多元文化背景中元代邊塞詩的發(fā)展[D];中央民族大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2262401