【摘要】： 從萌芽到轉(zhuǎn)型，兩周民本思想的發(fā)展在整個傳統(tǒng)民本思想的演進歷程中構(gòu)成一個明晰的單元。本文將緊扣社會運動的脈搏，力爭最大限度地勾勒出民本思想在兩周歷史中發(fā)生、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)型的全景圖象。 第一章——兩周民本思想的歷史淵源，著重探研兩周民本思想產(chǎn)生的歷史依據(jù)。作者認為原始文明的民主精神和人道主義精神以及早期社會的重民保民思想構(gòu)成了民本思想的最基本素材。 第二章——商周革命與周初民本思想的萌芽，研討民本思想的萌芽情況。政權(quán)在商周之間的驟然轉(zhuǎn)移為周初統(tǒng)治者帶來的不僅是勝利的喜悅，更是對事件的驚懼和反思，以武王、周公、召公為首的周初統(tǒng)治者深刻認識到民眾之于王朝興衰的重大意義，進而提出了“明德慎罰”、“重民保民”等政治原則，民本思想在這種背景下萌芽生成。盡管隨著王權(quán)的日益穩(wěn)固，其生長趨勢在西周中后期有所弱化，但由于民本傳統(tǒng)已經(jīng)深植于政治土壤，所以其發(fā)展并未斷續(xù)。 第三章——春秋時代的社會變革與重民保民思潮的興起，探討重民保民思潮在春秋時代興起的原因和盛況。春秋時代，王室衰微，霸主迭興，權(quán)力紛爭愈演愈烈，社會各層面都處于激烈的動蕩和轉(zhuǎn)型中；然而，越來越多的思想家和政治家認識到主導社會演化歷程的是民眾的力量，于是民在民——神、民——君關(guān)系中逐步走上前臺，出現(xiàn)了民為神主，君為民設(shè)等政治新主張，民本思潮也在這政治氛圍中呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的高漲。 第四章——孔子的民本思想，在總結(jié)春秋時代思想成果的基礎(chǔ)上，孔子建立了自己的民本思想體系，，他的德治主張和仁的學說無疑將民本思想推到一個新的高度。 第五章——社會變革的加劇與思想領(lǐng)域的解放，介紹戰(zhàn)國前期的政治變革和思想領(lǐng)域演進的新動向。風起云涌的變法運動為戰(zhàn)爭各國帶來了封建新體制和實力的增長，但也帶來了戰(zhàn)爭規(guī)模的空前擴大和慘烈程度的無限增加。在兼并與反兼并的斗爭中，民眾的力量無疑成了最具決定性的因素，于是越來越多的思想家在自己的思想體系中增加了民本的內(nèi)容，并將其推向社會。 第六章—百花齊放—民本思想發(fā)展的新時代，本章以墨、儒、道為代 表介紹戰(zhàn)國中前期民本思想發(fā)展的盛況。社會對于治術(shù)的巨大需求不可避免地帶來思 想領(lǐng)域的繁榮，由于民眾地位凸顯，民本政治成了各政治思想體系共同關(guān)注的主題， 墨家以“兼愛”弘揚它，儒家以，’仁政”宣傳它，道家以“無為”診釋它�！懊褓F君 輕”說，“兼愛利民”說都是這一時代的產(chǎn)物。在諸子的推動下，民本思想的發(fā)展步 入最輝煌的年代‘ 第七章—霸道的勝利和戰(zhàn)國中后期的勢利主義思潮，本章主要研究戰(zhàn)國中后期 的戰(zhàn)爭形勢與士人思想觀念的新變化。隨著秦國統(tǒng)一形勢明朗化，越來越多的士人流 向秦國，并在思想上表現(xiàn)出對封建集權(quán)的板依，勢利主義傾向日益明顯，而民本思想 開始被改造并向新的君本政權(quán)靠攏。 第八章—民本思想的轉(zhuǎn)型及其與集權(quán)政治的整合，本章以儒、法兩家為代表探 討民本思想向封建集權(quán)的阪依過程。荀子的“舟水”關(guān)系說，韓非商鞍的“利而用之” 說是這一時代的產(chǎn)物。其飯依過程中民本思想逐漸收縮鋒芒，向封建集權(quán)附貼，并在 理論上首先完成與封建政治的整合。然而事情并不一帆風順，秦漢政權(quán)的交替打亂了 整合的步調(diào)，直到漢武帝時代，實踐意義上的整合才最終完成。
[Abstract]:From germination to transformation, the development of people-oriented thought in the two weeks constitutes a clear unit in the evolution of the whole traditional people-oriented thought.
The first chapter is the historical origin of the people-oriented thought of the two weeks, focusing on the historical basis for the emergence of the people-oriented thought of the two weeks.
The abrupt transfer of the regime between the Shang and Zhou Dynasties brought not only the joy of victory, but also the fear and reflection of events. The rulers of the early Zhou Dynasty, headed by King Wu, Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong, had a profound understanding of the people's influence on the dynasty's prosperity. In this context, the people-based thought sprouted. Although its growth trend weakened in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, the people-based tradition has been deeply rooted in the political soil, so its development has not been interrupted.
Chapter 3 - Social changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the rise of the trend of thought of emphasizing the people and protecting the people, discusses the reasons and prosperity of the trend of thought of emphasizing the people and protecting the people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Recognizing that it is the power of the people that dominates the evolution of society, the people step up to the front stage in the relationship between the people and the gods and between the people and the monarch. New political propositions such as the people as the God and the monarch for the people have emerged, and the trend of people-based thought has also shown an unprecedented upsurge in this political atmosphere.
Chapter Four: Confucius'people-oriented thought. On the basis of summarizing the achievements of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius established his own people-oriented thought system. His theory of rule by virtue and benevolence undoubtedly pushed the people-oriented thought to a new height.
Chapter Five, the intensification of social change and the emancipation of the ideological field, introduces the new trends of political change and the evolution of the ideological field in the early Warring States Period. In the struggle against annexation, the power of the people has undoubtedly become the most decisive factor, so more and more thinkers in their own ideological system to add people-oriented content, and push it to society.
The sixth chapter - hundred flowers bloom - a new era of the development of people-oriented thought. This chapter is based on ink, Confucianism and Taoism.
This paper introduces the development of the people-oriented thought in the middle and early Warring States Period.
The prosperity of the ideological sphere, because of the prominent status of the people, has become the theme of common concern of all political and ideological systems.
Mohism promotes it with universal love, Confucianism propagates it with benevolent government, and Taoism interprets it with inaction.
The theory of "light" and "concurrent love for the people" are all the products of this era.
In the most brilliant era
The seventh chapter is the victory of hegemony and the trend of snobbish in the middle and later period of the Warring States period.
The war situation and the new changes of the intellectuals'ideas and ideas
In the Qin Dynasty, and in the ideological manifestation of the feudal centralization of rigid, snobbish tendencies are increasingly obvious, and people-oriented thinking
It began to be transformed and moved closer to the new regime.
The eighth chapter is the transformation of the people-oriented ideology and its integration with totalitarian politics.
Hanfei's theory of the "boat-water" relationship and Han Fei's "use it for the benefit of the saddle"
It is said that it is the product of this era. In the course of its meal, the people-oriented thought gradually shrank its edge, attached to the feudal centralization of power, and in the meal.
Theoretically, the integration with feudal politics was completed first. However, things were not smooth, and the alternation of Qin and Han regimes disrupted it.
The pace of integration did not complete until the time of Emperor Wu.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K224

【引證文獻】

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本文編號：2213950