北魏官吏收入與監(jiān)察機(jī)制
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-12 16:31
【摘要】： 本課題是一個探討該時期官吏經(jīng)濟(jì)生活狀況及相應(yīng)政治措施的專門課題，旨在 通過對相關(guān)問題的系統(tǒng)研究，盡可能地揭示各級官吏不同經(jīng)濟(jì)來源的真相及與當(dāng)時 政治的關(guān)系，認(rèn)知影響其經(jīng)濟(jì)收入的行政監(jiān)督機(jī)制的得失，同時昭示其學(xué)術(shù)價值和 當(dāng)代意義。通過研究，指出當(dāng)時官吏收入由于受統(tǒng)治者民族和社會性質(zhì)的影響，經(jīng)歷 了一個從無序到有序的過程：其在前期長期無俸祿，與國家財政狀況無關(guān)，而是受其 統(tǒng)治者傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣影響的結(jié)果。當(dāng)時官吏收入來源于非經(jīng)常性的班賞、掠奪、廩給，實(shí) 際生活水平差距很大，貪贓枉法被允許，都與當(dāng)時制度有關(guān)。至獻(xiàn)文、孝文二帝時期 班行了俸祿制，不僅使各級官吏獲得了前所未有的帛、粟、土地和勞動力等多種名目 的實(shí)物俸祿，解決了長期以來吏制敗壞的根本問題，同時還使這一制度作為北魏統(tǒng) 治者從游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)漸次依附于農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的表征和孝文改制的基礎(chǔ)屹立于當(dāng)時政治制 度之林，具有不容忽視的作用。同時，在這一制度之下，官吏收入以實(shí)物為主，且中央 和地方、高級和低級官吏有別，其間所存在的差距遠(yuǎn)較前后各朝為甚，反映了當(dāng)時等 級制度和民族界限的嚴(yán)重存在。至于那些身有國封的官吏，從封地上所獲得的爵祿 數(shù)量則相對有限，說明封爵的經(jīng)濟(jì)作用遠(yuǎn)在政治意義之下。盡管如此，在其俸祿制度 健全起來以后，官吏收入基本得到保障，傳統(tǒng)“祿以代耕”原則也發(fā)揮了作用，，與之相 應(yīng)的防范官吏貪污措施與監(jiān)督機(jī)制也逐步完善，說明經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會的進(jìn)步應(yīng)是保 證官吏收入和吏治清明的兩大前提，而制度的健全則是在這些前提下約束官吏行為 的政治保證。上述這些，都是我們從事本課題研究所得到的具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的啟示。
[Abstract]:This topic is a special topic to discuss the economic life and the corresponding political measures of the officials in this period, aiming at the systematic study of the related problems. To reveal as much as possible the truth of the different economic sources of officials at all levels and their relationship with politics at that time, and to recognize the gains and losses of the administrative supervision mechanism that affects their economic income. At the same time show its academic value and contemporary significance. Through the research, it is pointed out that the official income at that time went through a process from disorder to order because of the influence of the national and social nature of the ruler: it had no salary for a long time in the early period. It has nothing to do with the state's finances, but is the result of the traditional customs of its rulers. At that time, the official income came from the non-regular class reward, plunder, barns, real living standard difference is very big, corruption is allowed to pervert the law, all related to the system at that time. At the time of offering the article, when Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Ban carried out the salary system, not only did the officials at all levels get unprecedented silk, but also millet. The real income of land and labor, and so on, has solved the fundamental problem of the deterioration of the official system for a long time. At the same time, it also made this system as the symbol of the gradual dependence of nomadic economy on agricultural economy and the foundation of filial piety reform in the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The forest of degrees, It can't be ignored. At the same time, under this system, the income of officials was mainly in kind, and the difference between central and local, senior and low-level officials was far greater than that of the former and the former. It reflects the serious existence of grade system and national boundary at that time. As for those officials, the number of emoluments obtained from the feudal land is relatively limited, indicating that the economic role of the title is far below the political significance. Nevertheless, after the system of salaries and salaries was perfected, the income of officials was basically protected, and the traditional principle of "farming by means of emoluments" also played a role. The corresponding measures to prevent official corruption and the supervision mechanism have also been gradually improved. It shows that economic development and social progress should be the two major prerequisites for the income of officials and the Qingming of officials. The perfection of system is the political guarantee to restrain the behavior of officials under these premises. All of these are the practical implications of our research on this subject.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2000
【分類號】：K239.21
本文編號：2179625
[Abstract]:This topic is a special topic to discuss the economic life and the corresponding political measures of the officials in this period, aiming at the systematic study of the related problems. To reveal as much as possible the truth of the different economic sources of officials at all levels and their relationship with politics at that time, and to recognize the gains and losses of the administrative supervision mechanism that affects their economic income. At the same time show its academic value and contemporary significance. Through the research, it is pointed out that the official income at that time went through a process from disorder to order because of the influence of the national and social nature of the ruler: it had no salary for a long time in the early period. It has nothing to do with the state's finances, but is the result of the traditional customs of its rulers. At that time, the official income came from the non-regular class reward, plunder, barns, real living standard difference is very big, corruption is allowed to pervert the law, all related to the system at that time. At the time of offering the article, when Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Ban carried out the salary system, not only did the officials at all levels get unprecedented silk, but also millet. The real income of land and labor, and so on, has solved the fundamental problem of the deterioration of the official system for a long time. At the same time, it also made this system as the symbol of the gradual dependence of nomadic economy on agricultural economy and the foundation of filial piety reform in the political system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The forest of degrees, It can't be ignored. At the same time, under this system, the income of officials was mainly in kind, and the difference between central and local, senior and low-level officials was far greater than that of the former and the former. It reflects the serious existence of grade system and national boundary at that time. As for those officials, the number of emoluments obtained from the feudal land is relatively limited, indicating that the economic role of the title is far below the political significance. Nevertheless, after the system of salaries and salaries was perfected, the income of officials was basically protected, and the traditional principle of "farming by means of emoluments" also played a role. The corresponding measures to prevent official corruption and the supervision mechanism have also been gradually improved. It shows that economic development and social progress should be the two major prerequisites for the income of officials and the Qingming of officials. The perfection of system is the political guarantee to restrain the behavior of officials under these premises. All of these are the practical implications of our research on this subject.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2000
【分類號】：K239.21
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 黃河;北魏監(jiān)察制度研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條
1 史衛(wèi);北魏平城時代的財政[D];首都師范大學(xué);2001年
2 魏志靜;北魏刑事法律初探[D];中國政法大學(xué);2004年
3 崔智勇;《北魏律》倫理思想研究[D];重慶師范大學(xué);2008年
4 趙海波;北朝時期信用借貸問題初探[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2010年
5 王曄;北魏國家物質(zhì)賞賜考略[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年
本文編號：2179625
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