東漢北京地方政治研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-09 20:08
【摘要】： 本文在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用《漢書》、《后漢書》等基本史料和考古資料,從行政制度、政局演變、民族關(guān)系三個(gè)方面對(duì)東漢北京地方政治進(jìn)行了研究。 首先,對(duì)東漢北京地區(qū)行政制度的研究,分為兩部分內(nèi)容:第一部分主要是在《后漢書·郡國志》的基礎(chǔ)上,利用現(xiàn)有的史料對(duì)東漢北京地區(qū)行政區(qū)劃和建置的變化和發(fā)展過程做一復(fù)原。結(jié)論是東漢北京地區(qū)的行政建置經(jīng)歷了從郡國并立制到郡縣二級(jí)制再到州郡縣三級(jí)制的變化;又此地的行政區(qū)劃不僅在東漢前后有較大改變,而且較之西漢也有較大調(diào)整。第二部分主要是利用現(xiàn)有史料和考古資料對(duì)北京地區(qū)的官僚行政組織做一梳理,其中包括州內(nèi)行政組織、郡國行政組織、縣級(jí)行政組織、鄉(xiāng)里行政組織四項(xiàng)。結(jié)論是東漢北京官僚行政組織在遵循一般行政組織的基礎(chǔ)上又有適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整和補(bǔ)充。 其次,對(duì)東漢北京地區(qū)政局的研究,分為東漢前期和東漢中后期兩個(gè)時(shí)間段進(jìn)行討論。東漢前期隨著劉秀對(duì)王郎政權(quán)、河北起義軍、張豐政權(quán)、彭寵政權(quán)的逐次消滅,以及郭O 、陳?、張堪等人對(duì)北京地區(qū)的治理,從而使兩漢之際北京地區(qū)的動(dòng)亂局勢逐漸得到穩(wěn)定。但到了東漢中后期,由于統(tǒng)治者對(duì)人民的剝削和壓迫,使北京地區(qū)貧富差距增大,社會(huì)矛盾趨于尖銳,最終爆發(fā)了大規(guī)模的人民起義,使北京地區(qū)政局開始走向動(dòng)蕩。此后,劉虞出任幽州牧,北京地區(qū)政局得到了暫時(shí)的安定。但在劉虞被殺后,幽州地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了軍閥的混戰(zhàn),從此北京地區(qū)政局徹底陷入動(dòng)亂,直至曹操統(tǒng)一河北,才逐漸恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定。由此可見,北京地區(qū)政局的前后變化明顯,基本成拋物線態(tài)勢。 最后,對(duì)東漢北京地區(qū)的民族關(guān)系的研究,主要探討東漢北京地區(qū)與匈奴、烏桓、鮮卑三個(gè)少數(shù)民族的關(guān)系。就北京地區(qū)同匈奴的關(guān)系言,東漢初,匈奴屢寇北京地區(qū)而東漢則采取防御妥協(xié)的政策。匈奴分裂后,漢朝則實(shí)行了“安南定北”的匈奴政策,在安撫南匈奴的同時(shí),對(duì)北匈奴進(jìn)行征討,以削弱其勢力。就北京地區(qū)同烏桓的關(guān)系言,東漢前期采取“賄賂”政策,使烏桓逐漸內(nèi)附。東漢中后期,烏桓因不堪東漢壓迫而經(jīng)常叛亂,并南下寇掠北京地區(qū)。劉虞治理幽州時(shí)采取恩信政策,烏桓逐漸歸附。但在劉虞被殺后,烏桓再度反叛,最終被曹操平定。就北京地區(qū)同鮮卑的關(guān)系言,東漢前期,鮮卑多率眾歸附。東漢中期,鮮卑勢力壯大,并開始不斷侵?jǐn)_北京地區(qū)。東漢在防御的同時(shí),進(jìn)行必要的反擊,使其勢力逐漸衰弱。東漢后期,鮮卑檀石槐部實(shí)力強(qiáng)大,并不斷南下侵?jǐn)_北京地區(qū),東漢的反擊均以失敗告終。這造成了北京地區(qū)社會(huì)的凋敝。但在檀石槐死后,鮮卑內(nèi)部矛盾激化,部眾叛離,北京地區(qū)基本不再受其危害了�？梢�,北京地區(qū)的民族關(guān)系方面呈現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜多變的局面,這主要是東漢王朝和少數(shù)民族兩者實(shí)力大小和東漢對(duì)胡政策決定的。
[Abstract]:Based on the previous research results, this paper studies the local politics of Beijing in the Eastern Han Dynasty from three aspects: administrative system, political situation evolution and ethnic relations, using basic historical and archaeological materials such as Han Shu and Post Han Dynasty. First of all, the research on the administrative system of Beijing area in the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into two parts: the first part is mainly based on "the History of the County of the Han Dynasty". The change and development process of administrative division and construction in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty were restored by using the existing historical data. The conclusion is that the administrative construction in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty has experienced the change from the concurrent system of county and county to the three-level system of county and county, and the administrative division of this area has not only changed greatly before and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also has great adjustment compared with that of the Western Han Dynasty. The second part mainly makes use of the existing historical data and archaeological data to sort out the bureaucratic administrative organizations in Beijing, including four items: state administrative organizations, county administrative organizations, county-level administrative organizations and township administrative organizations. The conclusion is that the bureaucratic administrative organizations of the Eastern Han Dynasty have appropriate adjustment and supplement on the basis of following the general administrative organizations. Secondly, the research on the political situation in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into two periods: the early Eastern Han Dynasty and the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, with the successive annihilation of Liu Xiu's regime against Wang Lang's regime, Hebei rebel army, Zhang Feng's regime, Peng's regime, and Guo O, Chen's and Zhang Kan's administration of the Beijing region, the unrest in Beijing gradually stabilized during the Han Dynasty. However, in the middle and late Han Dynasty, because of the exploitation and oppression of the people by the rulers, the gap between the rich and the poor in Beijing increased and the social contradictions became sharp. Finally, a large-scale people's uprising broke out, and the political situation in Beijing began to go into turmoil. Since then, Liu Yu as the pastoral, Beijing area political situation has been temporary stability. However, after Liu Yu was killed, there was a war of warlords in the area of Yuzhou, and the political situation in Beijing plunged into turmoil completely, until Cao Cao unified Hebei and gradually restored stability. This shows that the political situation in Beijing before and after the obvious changes, basically into a parabola situation. Finally, the study on the ethnic relations in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly discusses the relationship between the Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the three minorities of Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Xianbei. As far as the relationship between Beijing and Xiongnu is concerned, in the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu repeatedly invaded Beijing and the Eastern Han adopted the policy of defense compromise. After the Xiongnu split, the Han Dynasty carried out the Xiongnu policy of "Annan Dingbei". On the relationship between Beijing and Wu Huan, the policy of bribery was adopted in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. In the mid-and late Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu Huan often revolted because of the oppression of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and went south and plundered the Beijing area. Liu Yu governance of Yuzhou to adopt a letter of kindness policy, Wu Huan gradually attached. But after Liu Yu was killed, Wu Huan rebelled again, and was finally calmed down by Cao Cao. On the relationship between Beijing and Xianbei, in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei has many rates. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei grew and began to invade Beijing. At the same time of defense, the Eastern Han carried out necessary counterattacks and gradually weakened its influence. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei Sandalwood Department was strong, and continued to invade Beijing. The counterattack of the Eastern Han Dynasty ended in failure. This has caused social decay in Beijing. But after the death of Honolulu, Xianbei internal contradictions intensified, part of the defection, Beijing basically no longer suffered its harm. It can be seen that the ethnic relations in Beijing show a complicated and changeable situation, which is mainly determined by the strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the ethnic minorities and the Hu policy of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K234
本文編號(hào)：2175177
[Abstract]:Based on the previous research results, this paper studies the local politics of Beijing in the Eastern Han Dynasty from three aspects: administrative system, political situation evolution and ethnic relations, using basic historical and archaeological materials such as Han Shu and Post Han Dynasty. First of all, the research on the administrative system of Beijing area in the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into two parts: the first part is mainly based on "the History of the County of the Han Dynasty". The change and development process of administrative division and construction in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty were restored by using the existing historical data. The conclusion is that the administrative construction in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty has experienced the change from the concurrent system of county and county to the three-level system of county and county, and the administrative division of this area has not only changed greatly before and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also has great adjustment compared with that of the Western Han Dynasty. The second part mainly makes use of the existing historical data and archaeological data to sort out the bureaucratic administrative organizations in Beijing, including four items: state administrative organizations, county administrative organizations, county-level administrative organizations and township administrative organizations. The conclusion is that the bureaucratic administrative organizations of the Eastern Han Dynasty have appropriate adjustment and supplement on the basis of following the general administrative organizations. Secondly, the research on the political situation in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into two periods: the early Eastern Han Dynasty and the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, with the successive annihilation of Liu Xiu's regime against Wang Lang's regime, Hebei rebel army, Zhang Feng's regime, Peng's regime, and Guo O, Chen's and Zhang Kan's administration of the Beijing region, the unrest in Beijing gradually stabilized during the Han Dynasty. However, in the middle and late Han Dynasty, because of the exploitation and oppression of the people by the rulers, the gap between the rich and the poor in Beijing increased and the social contradictions became sharp. Finally, a large-scale people's uprising broke out, and the political situation in Beijing began to go into turmoil. Since then, Liu Yu as the pastoral, Beijing area political situation has been temporary stability. However, after Liu Yu was killed, there was a war of warlords in the area of Yuzhou, and the political situation in Beijing plunged into turmoil completely, until Cao Cao unified Hebei and gradually restored stability. This shows that the political situation in Beijing before and after the obvious changes, basically into a parabola situation. Finally, the study on the ethnic relations in Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly discusses the relationship between the Beijing area of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the three minorities of Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Xianbei. As far as the relationship between Beijing and Xiongnu is concerned, in the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu repeatedly invaded Beijing and the Eastern Han adopted the policy of defense compromise. After the Xiongnu split, the Han Dynasty carried out the Xiongnu policy of "Annan Dingbei". On the relationship between Beijing and Wu Huan, the policy of bribery was adopted in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. In the mid-and late Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu Huan often revolted because of the oppression of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and went south and plundered the Beijing area. Liu Yu governance of Yuzhou to adopt a letter of kindness policy, Wu Huan gradually attached. But after Liu Yu was killed, Wu Huan rebelled again, and was finally calmed down by Cao Cao. On the relationship between Beijing and Xianbei, in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei has many rates. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei grew and began to invade Beijing. At the same time of defense, the Eastern Han carried out necessary counterattacks and gradually weakened its influence. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianbei Sandalwood Department was strong, and continued to invade Beijing. The counterattack of the Eastern Han Dynasty ended in failure. This has caused social decay in Beijing. But after the death of Honolulu, Xianbei internal contradictions intensified, part of the defection, Beijing basically no longer suffered its harm. It can be seen that the ethnic relations in Beijing show a complicated and changeable situation, which is mainly determined by the strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the ethnic minorities and the Hu policy of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K234
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