周代荒政研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 16:06
【摘要】：“救荒史亦稱荒政史，又可名為治荒政策史”， 鄧云特先生認(rèn)為：荒政與救荒是同一概念，而要了解救荒這一概念首先要弄清什么是災(zāi)荒，“災(zāi)荒者，乃以人與社會關(guān)系之失調(diào)為基調(diào)，，而引起人對于自然條件控制之失敗所招致之物質(zhì)生活上之損害與破壞也。”“救荒，即包括為防止或挽救因?yàn)?zāi)害而致社會物質(zhì)生活破壞之一切活動(dòng)也�！蔽覀冋J(rèn)為荒政包括救災(zāi)、防災(zāi)兩方面的內(nèi)容。 周代荒政經(jīng)歷了西周、春秋、戰(zhàn)國三個(gè)歷史發(fā)展階段，從而構(gòu)成了先秦時(shí)代荒政的基本體系，這一體系包含荒政理論，荒政制度和荒政實(shí)踐等基本內(nèi)容。周代荒政是先秦史研究中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，也是一個(gè)缺乏系統(tǒng)研究的課題。通過對荒政在先秦各個(gè)時(shí)期演變軌跡的考察，可以幫助我們加深對周代社會形態(tài)及先秦社會經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)與性質(zhì)的認(rèn)識，從一個(gè)側(cè)面豐富先秦史的研究內(nèi)容。周代荒政研究的主要任務(wù)是揭示先秦時(shí)期各歷史階段各階段荒政的一般性和特殊性，揭示周代荒政的基本內(nèi)容，闡述荒政在周代政治經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的特殊地位，尋求先秦荒政史的發(fā)展規(guī)律，給人們提供有益的啟示，為先秦史研究工作做出一點(diǎn)微薄的努力。 從商代甲骨文中我們已經(jīng)見到后世自然災(zāi)害的基本種類，了解到殷人心目中災(zāi)害發(fā)生的原因及災(zāi)害的救治。由此總結(jié)出在荒政產(chǎn)生之前，人們出于生存需要會與天災(zāi)作斗爭如大禹治水，更多的情況是采取巫術(shù)救災(zāi)或避災(zāi)的辦法如商代的祈雨巫術(shù)。 西周時(shí)期是中國古代荒政形成的時(shí)期。“敬天保民”是周代荒政的理論基礎(chǔ)、荒政是周代政事的重要部分。周代荒政的內(nèi)容以救災(zāi)為主，涉 WP=158 及到國家政事的方方面面，體現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)治者對荒政的高度重視，而西周以人力救災(zāi)表明人們在與自然斗爭的過程中能力有所提高。 春秋時(shí)期是荒政得到大力推行的時(shí)期，其中以救災(zāi)為主。而在這一時(shí)期防災(zāi)思想和防災(zāi)措施也都已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。 戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期是荒政有了飛躍發(fā)展的時(shí)期。集中體現(xiàn)在防災(zāi)能力的大大提高，表明人類與自然災(zāi)害的斗爭進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。 周代荒政在中國荒政史上占有重要的地位其對后世荒政有著巨大的影響�；恼䴗Y源于原始社會的軍事民主制時(shí)期，從黃帝時(shí)代到有夏、有商，自然災(zāi)害及人為造成的饑荒的出現(xiàn)，使抗災(zāi)救荒成為人們生活中的重要內(nèi)容之一，在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會中起著十分重要的作用。西周是荒政的形成時(shí)期，在《周禮》中已經(jīng)把“荒政十有二紀(jì)”作為“聚萬民”的手段成為國家政事的重要部分。周代的救荒理論與荒政制度對后世的影響很大，《周禮》中的荒政制度奠定了后世荒政制度的基本格局。春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，荒政有很大的發(fā)展，是中國古代荒政的藍(lán)本。
[Abstract]:"the history of famine relief is also called the history of famine administration, and it can also be called the history of the policy of managing famine." Mr. Deng Yun said: famine and famine relief are the same concept, and to understand the concept of famine relief, we must first understand what is a famine. " It is based on the imbalance between human and social relations, and the damage and destruction of material life caused by the failure of human beings to control natural conditions. " "Relief from famine, which includes all activities aimed at preventing or saving the physical and material life of society as a result of disasters." We believe that famine policy includes disaster relief and disaster prevention. The Zhou Dynasty had experienced three stages of historical development: Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, and warring States period, which constituted the basic system of famine administration in the pre-Qin period, including the theory of famine administration, the system of famine administration and the practice of famine administration. The famine of Zhou Dynasty is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, and it is also a subject of lack of systematic research. Through the investigation of the evolution of the famine policy in each period of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it can help us to deepen our understanding of the social form of the Zhou Dynasty and the form and nature of the social and economic structure of the pre-Qin Dynasty, and enrich the research content of the pre-Qin history from one side. The main task of the research on the famine in Zhou Dynasty is to reveal the generality and particularity of the famine in each historical stage of the pre-Qin period, to reveal the basic contents of the famine in the Zhou Dynasty, and to expound the special position of the famine in the political and economic life of the Zhou Dynasty. To seek the law of the development of the history of pre-Qin famine, to provide people with useful inspiration, and to make a little effort for the study of the history of the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, we have seen the basic types of natural disasters in later generations, and know the causes and treatment of disasters in the minds of Yin people. It is concluded that before the famine came into being, people would fight with natural disasters such as Dayu in order to survive, and more often, witchcraft was adopted for disaster relief or disaster avoidance, such as praying for rain and witchcraft in Shang Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the period when the famine was formed in ancient China. Respecting Heaven and protecting the people "is the theoretical basis of the Zhou Dynasty's famine policy, which is an important part of the Zhou Dynasty's administration." In the Zhou Dynasty, disaster relief was the main content of the famine policy. Involving WP=158 and all aspects of national politics, The rulers attached great importance to the famine, while the Western Zhou Dynasty showed that the ability of people in the process of fighting with nature had been improved. The Spring and Autumn period was a period when famine policies were vigorously promoted, in which disaster relief was the main task. In this period, the idea of disaster prevention and disaster prevention measures have also emerged. The warring States period was a period in which famine had developed by leaps and bounds. The improvement of disaster prevention ability indicates that the struggle between human beings and natural disasters has entered a new stage of development. The Zhou Dynasty famine policy occupies an important position in the history of Chinese famine administration. The famine policy originated in the period of military democracy in primitive society. From the Yellow Emperor period to the summer, there were merchants, natural disasters and man-made famine, which made the disaster resistance and famine become one of the important contents in people's life. It played a very important role in the society at that time. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the forming period of the famine regime. In Zhou Li, it has become an important part of the state affairs as the means of "gathering the people". The theory and system of famine relief in Zhou Dynasty had a great influence on the later generations, and the system of famine administration in Zhou Li laid the basic pattern of the system of famine administration in later times. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the famine had a great development and was the blueprint of the famine in ancient China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K224
本文編號：2158107
[Abstract]:"the history of famine relief is also called the history of famine administration, and it can also be called the history of the policy of managing famine." Mr. Deng Yun said: famine and famine relief are the same concept, and to understand the concept of famine relief, we must first understand what is a famine. " It is based on the imbalance between human and social relations, and the damage and destruction of material life caused by the failure of human beings to control natural conditions. " "Relief from famine, which includes all activities aimed at preventing or saving the physical and material life of society as a result of disasters." We believe that famine policy includes disaster relief and disaster prevention. The Zhou Dynasty had experienced three stages of historical development: Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, and warring States period, which constituted the basic system of famine administration in the pre-Qin period, including the theory of famine administration, the system of famine administration and the practice of famine administration. The famine of Zhou Dynasty is an important part of the study of the history of pre-Qin Dynasty, and it is also a subject of lack of systematic research. Through the investigation of the evolution of the famine policy in each period of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it can help us to deepen our understanding of the social form of the Zhou Dynasty and the form and nature of the social and economic structure of the pre-Qin Dynasty, and enrich the research content of the pre-Qin history from one side. The main task of the research on the famine in Zhou Dynasty is to reveal the generality and particularity of the famine in each historical stage of the pre-Qin period, to reveal the basic contents of the famine in the Zhou Dynasty, and to expound the special position of the famine in the political and economic life of the Zhou Dynasty. To seek the law of the development of the history of pre-Qin famine, to provide people with useful inspiration, and to make a little effort for the study of the history of the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, we have seen the basic types of natural disasters in later generations, and know the causes and treatment of disasters in the minds of Yin people. It is concluded that before the famine came into being, people would fight with natural disasters such as Dayu in order to survive, and more often, witchcraft was adopted for disaster relief or disaster avoidance, such as praying for rain and witchcraft in Shang Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the period when the famine was formed in ancient China. Respecting Heaven and protecting the people "is the theoretical basis of the Zhou Dynasty's famine policy, which is an important part of the Zhou Dynasty's administration." In the Zhou Dynasty, disaster relief was the main content of the famine policy. Involving WP=158 and all aspects of national politics, The rulers attached great importance to the famine, while the Western Zhou Dynasty showed that the ability of people in the process of fighting with nature had been improved. The Spring and Autumn period was a period when famine policies were vigorously promoted, in which disaster relief was the main task. In this period, the idea of disaster prevention and disaster prevention measures have also emerged. The warring States period was a period in which famine had developed by leaps and bounds. The improvement of disaster prevention ability indicates that the struggle between human beings and natural disasters has entered a new stage of development. The Zhou Dynasty famine policy occupies an important position in the history of Chinese famine administration. The famine policy originated in the period of military democracy in primitive society. From the Yellow Emperor period to the summer, there were merchants, natural disasters and man-made famine, which made the disaster resistance and famine become one of the important contents in people's life. It played a very important role in the society at that time. The Western Zhou Dynasty was the forming period of the famine regime. In Zhou Li, it has become an important part of the state affairs as the means of "gathering the people". The theory and system of famine relief in Zhou Dynasty had a great influence on the later generations, and the system of famine administration in Zhou Li laid the basic pattern of the system of famine administration in later times. During the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the famine had a great development and was the blueprint of the famine in ancient China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：K224
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 劉欣;春秋邦交中的兇禮考述[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年
2 吳佳琳;《周禮》中農(nóng)業(yè)管理制度探討[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年
3 范新可;先秦儒家典籍中所見的社會救助事跡及思想[D];西北大學(xué);2010年
本文編號：2158107
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