宋代縣尉研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 16:57
【摘要】：宋代縣尉的設(shè)置,在中國古代警察發(fā)展史上占有極其重要的地位,起到了承上啟下的作用。早在春秋戰(zhàn)國時期,在縣內(nèi)即設(shè)有尉職,當時帶有濃厚的軍事色彩,集軍事、治安、刑獄等職能為一體。秦漢均設(shè)此職,在史料中,關(guān)于漢代縣尉的設(shè)置,記載較多。三國、兩晉、南北朝時期,仿漢例,但編制與職能漸變。隋唐時期,在縣內(nèi)設(shè)置縣尉已定型,較前不同的是,在對該官職的稱呼上,出現(xiàn)過幾次反復,至唐代,定為“縣尉”。五代十國、遼、宋、金、元皆延用此名稱。明、清時,改為典史。 從現(xiàn)存史料來看,縣尉一職發(fā)展到宋代是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。首先,縣尉的職能從宋代開始,逐步走向?qū)I(yè)化、單一化,從其它部門中分離出來,主要職責是維護社會治安,緝捕盜賊。其次,獎賞制度規(guī)范化,首創(chuàng)“捕盜改官”之政策。再次,紀律要求嚴密化、細致化,責任明確化,逐步趨于完善合理。但是,宋代縣尉的俸祿較低,由此影響到其積極性,這也是宋代地方治安一直較差的因素之一。 本論文共分為七章: 第一章,概論宋代以前縣尉的發(fā)展演變�？h尉一職的起源,可以追溯到春秋戰(zhàn)國時期。當時兵刑不分,刑獄同制。后隨歷史發(fā)展變化,縣尉的職能也隨之而演變,一直到隋唐時期,才逐步定型。 第二章,宋王朝設(shè)置縣尉,體現(xiàn)出當時最高統(tǒng)治者加強中央集權(quán)的策略,也是繼唐末五代戰(zhàn)亂之后,整治社會治安的需要。關(guān)于縣尉的錄用,宋政府制定出了年齡、身體素質(zhì)、任職資格等方面的選拔措施。縣尉的俸祿較低,生活艱辛,宋代對縣尉待遇雖有過改革,但也并未解決根本問題。由此而來,產(chǎn)生了一系列的不良后果。 第三章、第四章,重點論述了縣尉的職能和作用。縣尉是負責縣級地方治安的專職官員,其職能主要包括緝捕盜賊、刑事案件偵查、法醫(yī)檢驗以及押運官物、保護商旅、水務管理等。縣尉是打擊地方盜賊的主要力量之一,同時肩負著刑事偵查之重任,其水平較以前諸朝代,大為提高,證據(jù)意識增強,特別是法醫(yī)檢驗,對后世影響很大。為了加強對縣尉的控制與管理,宋王朝制定了嚴格的紀律,并實行責任追究制。
[Abstract]:The establishment of county lieutenant in Song Dynasty occupies an extremely important position in the history of the development of ancient Chinese police, and plays an important role in connecting the past with the following. As early as the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, in the county, there was a strong military color, set military, public security, prison and other functions as a whole. Qin and Han dynasties set up this post, in the historical materials, about the Han Dynasty County Wei, more records. Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, imitation of the Han Dynasty, but the establishment and function of gradual change. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the county ensign was set up in the county, but different from the previous one, the title of the official post appeared several times, until the Tang Dynasty, it was defined as "county lieutenant". Five dynasties ten countries, Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan all use this name. In Ming and Qing dynasties, it was changed to a classic history. From the existing historical data, the development of county Wei to Song Dynasty is a turning point. First of all, the function of county lieutenant began from the Song Dynasty, gradually towards specialization, single, separated from other departments, the main responsibility is to maintain public order, arrest thieves. Secondly, the reward system is standardized and the policy of "arresting theft and reforming officials" is first created. Third, the discipline requirements are strict, meticulous, clear responsibility, and gradually tend to perfect and reasonable. However, the salary of county Wei in Song Dynasty was lower, which affected its enthusiasm, which was one of the factors of poor local public order in Song Dynasty. This paper is divided into seven chapters: the first chapter, an overview of the development of county Wei before the Song Dynasty. The origin of county lieutenant can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn warring States period. At that time, there was no division between military and criminal punishment, and the prison system was the same. With the development of history, the function of county lieutenant also evolved, until the Sui and Tang dynasties, gradually finalized. In the second chapter, the Song Dynasty set up county ensign, which reflected the strategy of strengthening centralization of power by the supreme ruler at that time, and was also the need to rectify public order after the war in the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties. With regard to the recruitment of county officers, the Song government worked out the selection measures in terms of age, physical fitness and qualifications. The salary of county lieutenant was low and the life was hard. Although the pay of county lieutenant was reformed in Song Dynasty, it did not solve the fundamental problem. As a result, there are a series of adverse consequences. The third chapter, the fourth chapter, has discussed the county lieutenant's function and the function emphatically. County Ensign is a full-time official in charge of local security at the county level, whose functions mainly include the arrest of thieves, the investigation of criminal cases, the forensic examination and the transportation of official objects, the protection of commercial brigades, the management of water affairs, and so on. County Ensign is one of the main forces to crack down on local thieves and shoulders the heavy responsibility of criminal investigation. Its level is greatly improved and its evidence consciousness is enhanced especially forensic examination which has great influence on later generations. In order to strengthen the control and management of county officers, the Song Dynasty formulated strict discipline and carried out the system of accountability.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K244
本文編號：2136186
[Abstract]:The establishment of county lieutenant in Song Dynasty occupies an extremely important position in the history of the development of ancient Chinese police, and plays an important role in connecting the past with the following. As early as the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, in the county, there was a strong military color, set military, public security, prison and other functions as a whole. Qin and Han dynasties set up this post, in the historical materials, about the Han Dynasty County Wei, more records. Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, imitation of the Han Dynasty, but the establishment and function of gradual change. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the county ensign was set up in the county, but different from the previous one, the title of the official post appeared several times, until the Tang Dynasty, it was defined as "county lieutenant". Five dynasties ten countries, Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan all use this name. In Ming and Qing dynasties, it was changed to a classic history. From the existing historical data, the development of county Wei to Song Dynasty is a turning point. First of all, the function of county lieutenant began from the Song Dynasty, gradually towards specialization, single, separated from other departments, the main responsibility is to maintain public order, arrest thieves. Secondly, the reward system is standardized and the policy of "arresting theft and reforming officials" is first created. Third, the discipline requirements are strict, meticulous, clear responsibility, and gradually tend to perfect and reasonable. However, the salary of county Wei in Song Dynasty was lower, which affected its enthusiasm, which was one of the factors of poor local public order in Song Dynasty. This paper is divided into seven chapters: the first chapter, an overview of the development of county Wei before the Song Dynasty. The origin of county lieutenant can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn warring States period. At that time, there was no division between military and criminal punishment, and the prison system was the same. With the development of history, the function of county lieutenant also evolved, until the Sui and Tang dynasties, gradually finalized. In the second chapter, the Song Dynasty set up county ensign, which reflected the strategy of strengthening centralization of power by the supreme ruler at that time, and was also the need to rectify public order after the war in the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties. With regard to the recruitment of county officers, the Song government worked out the selection measures in terms of age, physical fitness and qualifications. The salary of county lieutenant was low and the life was hard. Although the pay of county lieutenant was reformed in Song Dynasty, it did not solve the fundamental problem. As a result, there are a series of adverse consequences. The third chapter, the fourth chapter, has discussed the county lieutenant's function and the function emphatically. County Ensign is a full-time official in charge of local security at the county level, whose functions mainly include the arrest of thieves, the investigation of criminal cases, the forensic examination and the transportation of official objects, the protection of commercial brigades, the management of water affairs, and so on. County Ensign is one of the main forces to crack down on local thieves and shoulders the heavy responsibility of criminal investigation. Its level is greatly improved and its evidence consciousness is enhanced especially forensic examination which has great influence on later generations. In order to strengthen the control and management of county officers, the Song Dynasty formulated strict discipline and carried out the system of accountability.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K244
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前4條
1 黃道誠;宋代偵查制度與技術(shù)研究[D];河北大學;2009年
2 賈芳芳;宋代地方政治[D];河北大學;2009年
3 鄭迎光;宋代地方社會治安問題初探[D];河北大學;2007年
4 賈文龍;宋朝州級屬官司法職能研究[D];河北大學;2007年
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前4條
1 陳明明;府際視角下的北宋縣政[D];西北大學;2011年
2 褚鴻亮;論宋代偵查學的飛躍[D];西南政法大學;2011年
3 王勝;宋代州縣官職務犯罪研究[D];河南大學;2007年
4 張洪新;宋代縣制探析[D];山東大學;2010年
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