【摘要】： 北宋時期宦官群體,是當時社會的一個重要階層,他們在歷史舞臺上發(fā)揮了不可忽視的作用。從北宋宦官的來源上來看,主要有兩個途徑,一是對五代后周政權及其它割據政權內廷宦者的留用,一是通過允許宦官養(yǎng)子及蔭補來補充內廷宦者人數,尤其在北宋中期以后,第二種途徑成為宦官來源的主要方式,從北宋宦官的籍貫分布上也顯現出了這樣的特點,除了北宋初期有少數的宦官來自南方地區(qū),大部分宦官的籍貫都在位于統治中心地區(qū)附近的開封、真定等地。北宋宦官實際俸祿并不多,但是他們往往利用手中職權或在皇帝近旁侍奉的有利地位,通過各種方式謀取財富,甚至有一些宦官家財萬貫,富比皇室。盡管北宋宦官群體遭受閹割而失去了生育能力,不可能擁有正常的家庭生活,但是伴隨著宦官權力的日益擴大,他們娶妻養(yǎng)子的現象并不少見,甚至在當時還形成了一些宦官世家。 北宋時期并沒有出現嚴重的宦官專權亂政局面,但是北宋宦官卻廣泛參與了軍事、政治、經濟等各方面活動,并在歷史舞臺上作出了不同的表演。軍事方面,他們先后參加過北宋初年平定割據政權、抵御外族入侵、鎮(zhèn)壓人民起義等一系列的軍事行動,并在這些軍事行動中發(fā)揮了重要的作用,成為維護和鞏固北宋王朝統治的一支重要力量。政治方面,他們參與了當時的探查活動、司法活動、并一定程度上參與議政,同時還廣泛參與了各類宮廷斗爭和外朝黨爭。經濟方面,他們幫助皇帝管理私人府庫、監(jiān)管各類經濟事務,參與對外貿易活動,負責營建各類工程,都發(fā)揮了重要的作用。 北宋之初就有不欲宦官預政的規(guī)定,但是在整個北宋時期宦官在政治舞臺上卻相當活躍,究其原因,和皇帝在特殊時期對他們的利用有密切關系,同時,一些官僚士大夫與宦官的相互勾結,也對其勢力膨脹起了一定的推動作用,但是無論是皇帝還是官僚士大夫,卻又都深以前代宦禍為戒,在利用宦官的同時,又力圖將其權力控制在一定范圍之內,所以每當宦官勢力發(fā)展較大時,便對其采取一定的抑制措施,加上北宋宦官自身的原因,即使在宦官勢力最為顯赫的北宋末年,他們卻始終未能如東漢末年和唐朝末年一樣專權擅政。
[Abstract]:The group of eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty was an important stratum of the society at that time, and they played an important role in the historical stage. From the source of the eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are two main ways, one is to retain the regime of the Zhou Dynasty after the five dynasties, and the other is to allow the eunuchs to adopt sons and supplement the number of the eunuchs, especially after the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. The second way to become the main source of eunuchs, from the Northern Song Dynasty eunuch origin distribution also showed this characteristic, except in the early Northern Song Dynasty, there are a few eunuchs from the southern region, Most eunuchs are located near the center of the rule in Kaifeng, Zhending and other places. The actual salaries of eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty were not much, but they often took advantage of their power or the advantageous position of serving the emperor near them to obtain wealth by various means, and even some eunuchs were rich than the royal family. Although the eunuchs in the Northern Song Dynasty were castrated and lost their fertility and could not have a normal family life, with the increasing power of eunuchs, it was not uncommon for them to take wives and adopt children. Even at that time, some families of eunuchs were formed. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no serious situation of eunuchs, but eunuchs took part in military, political, economic and other activities extensively, and made different performances on the historical stage. On the military front, they successively participated in a series of military operations, such as stabilizing the separatist regime in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, resisting foreign invasion and suppressing the people's uprising, and played an important role in these military operations. It has become an important force to maintain and consolidate the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. On the political side, they participated in the exploratory activities, judicial activities and, to some extent, in the discussion of politics, as well as in various kinds of court struggles and inter-Korean party disputes. In economics, they helped the emperor manage his private treasury, supervise all kinds of economic affairs, participate in foreign trade activities, and build various projects, all of which played an important role. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a stipulation that eunuchs did not want to be premeditated, but eunuchs were quite active on the political stage throughout the Northern Song Dynasty. The reasons were closely related to the use of eunuchs by the emperor in the special period, and at the same time, The collusion between some bureaucrats and eunuchs also contributed to the expansion of their power. However, both the emperor and the bureaucrats were used as a warning in the past, while using eunuchs. He also tried to control his power within a certain range, so whenever the eunuchs developed greatly, they took certain measures to restrain them, plus the reasons for the eunuchs themselves, even in the late days of the Northern Song Dynasty, when the eunuchs had the most prominent influence. But they have never been as autocratic as the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the end of the Tang Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K244

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