【摘要】： 寺院是佛教的重要載體,研究寺院對全面、正確地理解和評價佛教以及深化對中國社會、歷史的研究都有相當重要的意義。長期以來,海、內(nèi)外的專家、學者對中國古代佛教進行了不懈的研究,取得了豐碩的成績。但是,迄今為止,學術界對中國古代寺院的研究一直著力不多,稍有涉獵者也主要限于寺院經(jīng)濟。尤其是對明代寺院的研究更少,而專門研究明代南京寺院者則尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)。 本書從明代南京寺院背景、興廢和分布、建筑、僧人、經(jīng)濟、制度以及影響等方面著手,試圖對其作一全面而深入的研究,從而促進和推動對明代佛教、寺院以及明代社會、歷史的研究,并為今天的現(xiàn)代化建設提供借鑒。全書包括七章。 第一章“背景”。分三節(jié),分別探討明代佛教政策、明代南京社會狀況、東吳至元代南京的佛教和寺院。明代的佛教政策,以整頓、限制為主,個別時期甚至排佛、禁佛。但是,明代統(tǒng)治者又多大力提倡、保護佛教,這是南京寺院興盛的重要原因。筆者特別提出,藏傳佛教是明朝永樂以后最高統(tǒng)治者的共同信仰。對一些問題,如砧基道人的設置、《周知冊》的頒布時間等,文中加以考證,糾正一些史書記載之誤。明代南京先后作為首都和留都,政治地位重要,經(jīng)濟發(fā)達,文化繁榮,人文薈萃,民眾佛教信仰濃厚,對其中的寺院有很大影響。東吳至元代,南京一直是重要的佛學中心,其中修建寺院眾多,這也在很大程度上影響著明代南京的佛教和寺院。 第二章“興廢和分布”。分三節(jié),分別探討了明代南京寺院的修建、毀廢、分布以及總數(shù)估計。明代南京寺院的修建分為三個階段:明初敕建一批寺院,帶動南京寺院的恢復和發(fā)展;明代中期,僧人是寺院修建的主角,為南京寺院緩慢發(fā)展時期;明代后期,士、僧大建寺院,是南京寺院繁盛時期。筆者努力搜求各種方志以及一些考古發(fā)掘資料,對寺院加以考證,并增補史書記載之漏。明代南京寺院的拆毀和廢止,有人為原因,也有自然原因。在人為原因的毀廢中,以嘉靖年間霍韜拆毀南京尼寺的規(guī)模為最大。政府的其它毀廢,僧人的破壞,勢豪的侵占,以及僧人的棄走等,也是寺院人為毀廢的重要方面。在自然原因的毀廢中,主要有自然災害和年久圮朽等。從地理分布來看,南京中城、東城地區(qū)寺院較多,南城地區(qū)最為集中,而西城、北城地區(qū)寺院則相對較少。寺院之間的距離,一般不超過十里,有很多寺院甚至前后相鄰,左右相接。筆者統(tǒng)計,明代南京寺院有名稱可數(shù)者近二百一十所,總數(shù)起碼有三百所,最多可能超過六百所。 第三章“建筑”。分四節(jié),從寺院布局、殿堂配置、殿宇結(jié)構(gòu)、佛塔建筑等方面,全面探討明代南京寺院的建筑。文中通過統(tǒng)計和比較,指出寺院布局在宋、元以來“伽藍七
[Abstract]:Monasteries are important carriers of Buddhism. The study of monasteries is of great significance to the comprehensive, correct understanding and evaluation of Buddhism and the deepening of the study of Chinese society and history. For a long time, experts and scholars of sea, inside and outside have made unremitting research on ancient Chinese Buddhism and made fruitful achievements. However, so far, academic research on ancient Chinese monasteries has not been much effort, a bit of dabbling is mainly limited to temple economy. In particular, the study of monasteries in the Ming Dynasty is even less, but the monasteries of Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty have not been found. This book begins with the background of Nanjing monastery in Ming Dynasty, prosperity and distribution, architecture, monk, economy, system and influence, and tries to make a comprehensive and in-depth study on it, thus promoting and promoting Buddhism, monasteries and society in Ming Dynasty. The history research, and provides the reference for the modernization construction today. The book consists of seven chapters. Chapter one, background. It is divided into three sections: the Buddhism policy of Ming Dynasty, the social condition of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, and Buddhism and monastery from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty. The Buddhist policy of the Ming Dynasty focused on rectifying and restricting Buddhism, and in some periods, it even ruled out Buddhism and banned Buddhism. However, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty strongly advocated and protected Buddhism, which was an important reason for the prosperity of Nanjing monastery. In particular, Tibetan Buddhism is the common belief of the supreme rulers after Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. Some problems, such as the setting of anvil Taoist, the time of publication of the Book of knowledge, are studied in this paper to correct the errors in some historical records. As the capital and capital of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing had an important political status, developed economy, prosperous culture, gathering of humanities and strong Buddhist belief, which had a great influence on the monasteries. Nanjing was an important Buddhist center during the period from Soochow to Yuan Dynasty, among which there were many monasteries, which also influenced the Buddhism and monasteries of Ming Dynasty to a great extent. The second chapter is "promoting waste and distributing". This paper discusses the construction, destruction, distribution and total estimation of Nanjing monasteries in Ming Dynasty. The construction of Nanjing monasteries in the Ming Dynasty was divided into three stages: a number of monasteries were built in the early Ming Dynasty to promote the restoration and development of the monasteries in Nanjing; in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, monks were the protagonists in the monastery construction, which was the slow development period of the monasteries in Nanjing. Monks built monasteries, is the flourishing period of Nanjing monastery. The author tries hard to search all kinds of local records and some archaeological excavations, make textual research on the monastery, and add the omission of historical records. The demolition and abolition of monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty were caused by both natural and human reasons. In the destruction of man-made reasons, Jiajing years Huo Tao demolition of the scale of Nanjing temple for the largest. The other destruction of the government, the destruction of monks, the occupation of Shi Hao, and the abandonment of monks are also important aspects of the man-made destruction of monasteries. In the natural cause of destruction, there are mainly natural disasters and decadent and so on. According to the geographical distribution, there are more monasteries in the middle and east cities of Nanjing, and the most concentrated in the south city, while the temples in the west city and the north city area are relatively few. The distance between monasteries, generally not more than ten miles, there are many monasteries or even adjacent to each other, left and right. According to the statistics of the author, there were nearly 210 monasteries in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, with a total of at least three hundred, perhaps more than 600 at most. Chapter III: architecture. Divided into four sections, from the temple layout, temple configuration, temple structure, pagoda architecture, the overall discussion of the Ming Dynasty Nanjing temple architecture. Through statistics and comparison, this paper points out that the layout of monasteries in the Song and Yuan dynasties "Jialanqi"
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：1998
【分類號】：K248

【共引文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 丁喜霞;中古常用并列雙音詞的成詞和演變研究[D];浙江大學;2005年

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本文編號：2119686