發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-12 21:31

  本文選題：犯罪 + 逃亡��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：逃亡犯罪，是指社會(huì)成員沒有得到政府許可，，沒有取得合法手續(xù)而私自離開戶籍所在地遷徙他鄉(xiāng)，違反了秦漢國(guó)家戶籍和關(guān)津管理制度的犯罪行為。本文共六章，從秦漢逃亡犯罪的類型、原因、政府預(yù)防和控制犯罪的制度、措施、影響等方面考察了秦漢時(shí)期的逃亡犯罪現(xiàn)象。 秦漢逃亡犯罪按照主體和原因的不同，分為政治犯罪逃亡、刑事犯罪逃亡、軍事犯罪逃亡、民眾流亡四大類。政治犯罪逃亡是政治人物因?yàn)檎卧蚨油�，主要有六�?guó)殘余、儒生、方士、反秦志士的逃亡，漢初敵對(duì)集團(tuán)殘余人物、諸侯王屬官的逃亡，以及漢代重大政治事件引起的的逃亡，還有其他政治原因引起的逃亡。刑事犯罪逃亡是各種人物因?yàn)榉缸锒雒l(xiāng)，分為“惡少年”、豪俠、政府官員、盜賊犯罪逃亡，復(fù)仇殺人而逃亡，以及其他原因引起的刑事犯罪逃亡。秦漢軍事犯罪逃亡主要有楚漢戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期、兩漢之際和漢匈戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)過程中的軍事逃亡。上述三類屬于犯罪者為了躲避懲罰而逃亡，即“罪人亡”。民眾流亡則是普通民眾在沒有犯罪的前提下，因?yàn)楦鞣N原因而脫籍亡命。秦漢之際、兩漢之際、東漢末年的大規(guī)模民眾流亡表現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)，秦漢之際大多以個(gè)體家庭為單位流亡他鄉(xiāng)，兩漢之際出現(xiàn)以宗族為主體逃入營(yíng)堡避難的短距離逃亡，東漢末年則以大規(guī)模的宗族集團(tuán)為單位亡命他鄉(xiāng)。各種人物在逃亡后或者隱匿民間求生，或者亡入山林川澤為盜。 引起大規(guī)模逃亡犯罪出現(xiàn)的表層原因有土地兼并、苛捐雜稅、自然災(zāi)害、吏治腐敗、戰(zhàn)亂侵?jǐn)_等等：而深層原因則在于社會(huì)勞動(dòng)方式從村社集體耕作變?yōu)樾∞r(nóng)獨(dú)立耕作、基層經(jīng)濟(jì)組織由宗族為單位變?yōu)樾〖彝オ?dú)立生產(chǎn)、政治制度由封建官僚代替世卿世祿等經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治制度的變化。國(guó)家政權(quán)是預(yù)防和控制逃亡犯罪的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，秦漢時(shí)期的分封制和郡縣關(guān)系的變化也影響到國(guó)家對(duì)逃亡犯罪的控制和預(yù)防。鄉(xiāng)里制度和關(guān)津制度是秦漢政府預(yù)防和控制逃亡犯罪的基礎(chǔ)。 在逃亡犯罪的預(yù)防和控制上，秦朝以嚴(yán)厲鎮(zhèn)壓為主，漢代則采取了一系列措施，包括定期實(shí)行大赦、假民公田、減租賦、賜爵、賜錢帛牛酒、賑貸遷徙等，這些措施在預(yù)防和減少逃亡犯罪方面都有一定的作用。秦漢法律對(duì)逃亡的懲治有嚴(yán)密的規(guī)定，根據(jù)逃亡者是否有其他犯罪，逃亡時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短施以不同的懲罰。地方相關(guān)官吏負(fù)有抓捕逃亡者的責(zé)任，遇到大規(guī)模逃亡出現(xiàn)時(shí)朝廷還會(huì)派出專門使者主持抓捕。各級(jí)官吏經(jīng)常用占卜的方式來確定逃亡者的相關(guān)情況。秦漢時(shí)期還存在對(duì)逃亡者的贖罪規(guī)定。秦漢時(shí)期的逃亡現(xiàn)象影響到了社會(huì)政治格局的變遷、地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及周邊少數(shù)民族社會(huì)的發(fā)展。秦漢時(shí)期政府預(yù)防和控制逃亡犯罪的政策、措施一直影響到整個(gè)封建社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:The escape crime means that the members of the society do not get the permission of the government and have not obtained the legal formalities to leave the residence of the household registration and the criminal behavior of the management system of the Qin and Han countries. In this article, the types of the crime of escaping from the Qin and Han dynasties, the reasons, the system, measures, and influence of the government to prevent and control the crime, are six chapters. The phenomenon of fugitive crime in the Qin and Han Dynasties was examined in the face of the face of the Qin and Han Dynasties.
According to the differences between the main body and the reasons, the fugitive crimes of the Qin and Han Dynasties are divided into four categories: the escape of political crime, the escape of criminal offences, the escape of military crimes, and the exile of the people. The escape of political crime is the political figure, which mainly includes the remnants of the six countries, the Confucian students, the alms, the anti Qin ideals, the remnants of the hostilities in the early Han Dynasty, and the princes Wang Shuguan The fugitive escape, as well as the escape from the major political events in the Han Dynasty, and the escape from other political reasons. The escape of criminal offences is the death of all kinds of characters because of the crime, divided into the "evil youth", the hero, the government officials, the thieves escaping, the revenge killings and the escape, and the escape of the criminal offences caused by other reasons. The three categories belong to the war period of the Chu and Han Dynasties, the Han Dynasty and the military escape during the Han and Hungarian wars. The above-mentioned categories belong to the perpetrators of the crime in order to escape punishment, that is, "the death of the people". The exile of the people is the common people's exile from the premise of no crime, because of various reasons. The time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han Dynasty, the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty The mass exile has different characteristics. Most of the people in the Qin and Han Dynasties were exiled by the individual family as a unit. In the Han Dynasty, there was a short distance escape from the clan as the main body to escape from the camp. In the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large clan group was lost. The mountain forest is stolen in Sichuan.
The surface causes of large-scale fugitive crime are land merger, exorbitant tax, natural disasters, corruption of officials and war, and so on. The deep reason lies in the social labor mode from collective farming to small peasant independent farming, the grass-roots economic organizations change from the patriarchal clan to the small family and the political system is feudal. The state power is the material basis for the prevention and control of the fugitive crime, and the change of the relationship between the feudalism and the counties and counties during the Qin and Han dynasties also affects the state's control and prevention of the fugitive crime. The rural system and the Guan Jin system are the basis for the Qin and Han government to prevent and control the fugitive crime.
In the prevention and control of fugitive crime, the Qin Dynasty was dominated by severe repression, and a series of measures were taken in the Han Dynasty, including the regular implementation of amnesty, false people's public field, rent reduction, grant, money, silk, silk and money, and relief and migration. These measures have a certain role in preventing and reducing the crime of escaping. According to the rules, according to whether the fugitives have other crimes, the escape time will be punished differently. The local officials are responsible for the arrest of the fugitives, and the court will also send special envoys to preside and capture the arrests when they encounter large-scale escape. The officials at all levels often use the way of divination to confirm the related circumstances of the fugitives. The Qin and Han dynasties also existed The redemption of the fugitives. The escape of the Qin and Han Dynasties affected the changes in the social and political pattern, the development of the regional economy and the development of the surrounding minority society. The policies of the government to prevent and control the crime of escaping in the period of the Qin and Han dynasties have always affected the whole feudal society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K232

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