本文選題：徽商 + 典當(dāng)　； 參考：《廈門大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 徽商,是明清時(shí)期著名的地域商人群體之一,擅長經(jīng)營典當(dāng)業(yè)被認(rèn)為是這一商人群體的顯著特征。本文在總結(jié)、借鑒前人有關(guān)徽州典商的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,圍繞著典商經(jīng)營在明清徽商發(fā)展中所起的作用問題展開了多角度的討論。這對于全面認(rèn)識徽州商幫,揭示其興衰的秘密顯然是具有重要意義的。 本文的主要觀點(diǎn)包括:徽州本土的環(huán)境特點(diǎn)促使徽州人熱衷于經(jīng)營貨幣借貸業(yè),典當(dāng)業(yè)質(zhì)押借貸的特點(diǎn)使之適合流寓四方的徽州人經(jīng)營,而明中葉日益發(fā)達(dá)的商品貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)則為徽典興起提供了良好的土壤環(huán)境,由此,徽州典當(dāng)商人迅速發(fā)展成為一支主宰著傳統(tǒng)典當(dāng)業(yè)并在徽商中居于重要地位的力量。 從一個(gè)靜態(tài)的橫切面來看,典當(dāng)業(yè)作為徽商經(jīng)營的次生性行業(yè),它的首要作用就是接納貯藏各原生性行業(yè)的盈余資金。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上,遍布全國的徽典,其營利勢必大大增強(qiáng)徽商集團(tuán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,對于徽商資本雄天下有直接的意義。而徽典的營利,反過頭來又會(huì)在資金上支持徽商諸原生性行業(yè)的發(fā)展,通過為社會(huì)再生產(chǎn)提供了一定的金融支持,為徽商集團(tuán)的發(fā)展提供更好的土壤環(huán)境。此外徽典遍布四方,顯然非常有利于徽人搜集各地的商業(yè)信息,使之能不失時(shí)機(jī)地介入各類商業(yè)活動(dòng),從而大發(fā)其財(cái)。 從動(dòng)態(tài)的角度來看,徽商集團(tuán)在發(fā)展壯大的過程中,儒商化、官商化的特色十分明顯。而明清時(shí)徽典的總體發(fā)展趨勢是:明中后期時(shí)稱雄中國典當(dāng)業(yè),自清以降勢力范圍回縮,在外延式發(fā)展不利的情況下,徽典注意加強(qiáng)自身的素質(zhì)教育,以提升經(jīng)營管理水平,尋求內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。有這種發(fā)展方向與徽人歷來“重儒”、“重學(xué)”不無關(guān)系。而明清徽典中有眾多的“賈儒合一”者存在顯然也有助于深化徽商的儒商化色彩。在官商化的問題上,徽典雖然也被迫卷入其中,但卻不是積極的參與者。通過不斷提高自身的職業(yè)素養(yǎng),造就一個(gè)典當(dāng)業(yè)中不可或缺的“徽州朝奉”職業(yè)階層,是他們在不利環(huán)境中的自全之道。 另外,在資本的傳承方式上,徽州典商的做法對于徽商集團(tuán)的發(fā)展也是具有重要意義的。徽典向后人傳授資本時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“得人”,后輩在繼承、析分上一代傳下的典當(dāng)資本時(shí)又能保持典鋪的資本經(jīng)營規(guī)模不變,顯然都有助于徽州典商的長期興旺,也加深了世人心目中徽商精于治典的印象。
[Abstract]:Huizhou merchants were one of the famous regional merchants in Ming and Qing dynasties. On the basis of summing up and drawing lessons from the previous researches on the merchants of Huizhou, this paper discusses the role of the management of the classical merchants in the development of Huizhou merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is of great significance to understand the Huizhou business group and reveal the secret of its rise and fall. The main points of this paper are as follows: the characteristics of local environment in Huizhou make Huizhou people keen to manage money lending, and the characteristics of pawnbroker pledge loan make it suitable for Huizhou people who are living in all directions. The increasingly developed commodity monetary economy in the middle of the Ming Dynasty provided a good soil environment for the rise of Huizhou pawnbroker, and thus the merchants of Huizhou pawnshop developed rapidly into a force that dominated the traditional pawnbroking business and occupied an important position in the Huizhou merchants. From a static crosscutting point of view, as a secondary industry operated by Huizhou merchants, the primary role of pawnbroking industry is to accept and store surplus funds of original industries. On this basis, the national emblem code, its profit is bound to greatly enhance the economic strength of Huizhou Merchants Group, and has direct significance to Huizhou merchants' capital. The profit of Huizhou Code, on the contrary, will support the development of the original industries of Huizhou merchants on the funds. It provides certain financial support for the social reproduction, and provides a better soil environment for the development of Huizhou merchants group. In addition, emblems are spread all over the world, which is obviously very helpful for Hui people to collect business information from all over the world, so that they can get involved in all kinds of commercial activities without losing the opportunity to make a lot of money. From a dynamic point of view, in the process of development and expansion of Huizhou Merchants Group, the characteristics of Confucian quotient and official business are very obvious. And the overall development trend of the Ming and Qing dynasties is: in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Chinese pawnbrokers dominated the pawn business, and since the Qing Dynasty, the scope of influence was reduced. Under the adverse circumstances of the extension development, the emblem code paid attention to strengthening its own quality education in order to improve the level of management and management. Seek connotation development. There is this direction of development and Hui people have always been "heavy Confucianism", "heavy learning" is not unrelated. In Ming and Qing Dynasty, there were many "Jia Ru in one", which also helped to deepen the Confucian and commercial color of Huizhou merchants. On the issue of bureaucratization, the emblem is not an active participant, though it is forced to be involved in it. By constantly improving their professional accomplishment, it is their self-perfection in the unfavorable environment to bring up an indispensable professional class of Huizhou Chao Bong in pawnbroking. In addition, in the way of capital transmission, the practice of Huizhou merchants is also of great significance to the development of Huizhou merchants group. When imparting capital to later generations, Hui Diandian emphasized "getting people," and later generations inherited and divided the pawn capital passed down from the previous generation to maintain the same scale of capital management, which obviously contributed to the long-term prosperity of Huizhou merchants. It also deepened the impression that Huizhou merchants were good at administering the code.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K248

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