本文選題：天山北路 + 移民　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 清代以前，天山北路是一個(gè)以游牧業(yè)為主要生產(chǎn)方式的地區(qū)，屬于新疆草原文化的范疇。清乾隆二十年代時(shí)期，隨著清朝對(duì)準(zhǔn)噶爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利，移民實(shí)邊屯墾成為清政府開(kāi)發(fā)新疆的主要政策，清政府利用各種優(yōu)惠政策吸引內(nèi)地民眾或強(qiáng)行遷移一些團(tuán)體到天山北路，從事大規(guī)模的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，從東部的巴里坤、經(jīng)烏魯木齊，西到伊犁地區(qū)，展開(kāi)了以農(nóng)業(yè)屯墾為主的區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)。清后期，天山北路的生產(chǎn)方式已經(jīng)變成了以農(nóng)業(yè)為主要生產(chǎn)方式的地區(qū)。 本文從人口遷移入手，分天山北路東部地區(qū)和西部地區(qū)兩個(gè)區(qū)域，對(duì)清代移民人口的類(lèi)型、數(shù)量、遷入方式、區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)的形式等方面進(jìn)行了深入分析，探討了人口遷移和區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)之間的相互關(guān)系。指出清代天山人口遷移是政府指導(dǎo)下的強(qiáng)制行為，遷入的人口多是按照政府制定的政策從事相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，遷入的人口主要是以農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主，在西部伊犁一帶遷入的東北移民同時(shí)具有防守邊疆的重任。本文分析認(rèn)為，天山北路的東部地區(qū)，移民的類(lèi)型主要是以屯墾為主的戶(hù)屯、遣屯、兵眷屯、商屯等幾個(gè)形式，移民的主要來(lái)源是陜、甘等鄰近地區(qū)的貧苦農(nóng)民。西部地區(qū)遷入的人口類(lèi)型較為復(fù)雜，錫伯族、察哈爾蒙古等移民在鎮(zhèn)守邊疆的同時(shí)，也從事部分農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)，南疆地區(qū)移入的維吾爾族則主要是從事農(nóng)業(yè)屯墾，哈薩克、土爾扈特蒙古則主要以游牧業(yè)為主。 本文以吉木薩爾縣為靶區(qū)，探討了人口遷移、農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)與區(qū)域環(huán)境之間的相互關(guān)系，得出清代吉木薩爾地區(qū)的人地關(guān)系處在一個(gè)良性的循環(huán)之中，人口遷入的數(shù)量、土地開(kāi)發(fā)的力度沒(méi)有超越環(huán)境承載力的限度，在水資源的地域分配、森林的覆蓋等幾個(gè)方面的環(huán)境因子變化不大。 本文最后探討了由于人口遷移所形成的文化景觀現(xiàn)象，，如地名景觀、語(yǔ)言景觀、宗教景觀和城鎮(zhèn)景觀等相關(guān)的文化現(xiàn)象，這些文化因子是移民在天山北路生產(chǎn)、生活的表現(xiàn)形式，是移民與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕嗷フ系慕Y(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Before the Qing Dynasty, Tianshan North Road was a region that mainly produced animal husbandry, belonging to Xinjiang grassland culture. In the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, with the victory of the Qing Dynasty in Junggar War, emigration became the main policy of the Qing government to develop Xinjiang. The Qing government used various preferential policies to attract the mainland people or forcibly relocate some groups to Tianshan North Road. Engaged in large-scale agricultural production, from the eastern Barricun, through Urumqi, west to the Yili area, the agricultural reclamation of the main regional development. In the late Qing Dynasty, the production mode of Tianshan North Road had become an area where agriculture was the main mode of production. Starting with population migration, this paper analyzes the type, quantity, immigration mode and the form of regional development of the immigration population in the eastern and western regions of Tianshan North Road in the Qing Dynasty. The relationship between population migration and regional development is discussed. It is pointed out that the population migration of Tianshan Mountain in Qing Dynasty is a compulsory act under the guidance of the government, and most of the people who emigrate are engaged in related activities in accordance with the policies formulated by the government, and the people who emigrate are mainly agricultural production. The Northeast immigrants who moved into the west of Yili also had the important task of defending the frontier. In the east of Tianshan North Road, the main types of immigrants are Hutun, Detun, soldiers' family and Shang Tun, and the main source of emigration is the poor peasants in the neighboring areas, such as Shaanxi, Gansu and so on. The population types in the western region are more complicated. While the Xibo and Chahar Mongolians are guarding the border areas, they are also engaged in some agricultural development, while the Uighurs in the southern Xinjiang region are mainly engaged in agricultural settlement, Kazakh, and so on. Tulhut Mongolia is mainly to tour animal husbandry. In this paper, the relationship among population migration, agricultural development and regional environment is discussed. It is concluded that the relationship between people and land in Jimusar area of Qing Dynasty is in a virtuous circle, and the number of people moving in. The intensity of land development does not exceed the limit of environmental carrying capacity, and the environmental factors in the regional distribution of water resources and forest cover have little change. Finally, this paper discusses the cultural landscape phenomena caused by population migration, such as toponymic landscape, language landscape, religious landscape and urban landscape. These cultural factors are produced by immigrants in North Tianshan Road. The expression of life is the result of the integration of immigrants and local culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K249

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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