本文選題：宋代 + 鄉(xiāng)村社會�。� 參考：《山東大學》2005年博士論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)村行政組織是國家為實現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村社會的管理而在鄉(xiāng)村設(shè)立的,負有管理鄉(xiāng)村社會行政事務(wù)和公共事務(wù)的權(quán)力和職責,并有一定人員配置的行政組織。一定的人員配置和職權(quán)是鄉(xiāng)村行政組織的兩個基本要素。 古代文獻中沒有關(guān)于宋代鄉(xiāng)村行政組織設(shè)置的明確記載,只有大量關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)村區(qū)劃及其編排方式的敘述。只有從各種區(qū)劃的性質(zhì)入手,考察其是否為行政區(qū)劃,判定其是否為鄉(xiāng)村行政組織,方能對它們之間的關(guān)系及宋代鄉(xiāng)村社會的行政管理體制有清晰的認識。根據(jù)鄉(xiāng)村行政組織的兩個基本要素,可發(fā)現(xiàn)宋代的里、村、社等并非鄉(xiāng)村行政組織,只是作為地域單位或聚落名稱存在。團雖有一定的人員配置,并負有維持治安的職責,但它不承擔上級行政組織交辦的事務(wù),未被納入國家行政組織體系之內(nèi),也不是真正意義上的鄉(xiāng)村行政組織。 宋代鄉(xiāng)村行政組織的演變以熙豐變法為界分為兩個階段。熙豐變法以前為第一階段。這是以催征賦稅為主要職責的鄉(xiāng)或管與以維護治安為主要職責的耆并行的時期。鄉(xiāng)以里正、戶長、鄉(xiāng)書手為主要頭目,負有催征賦役、修造版簿和勸課農(nóng)桑等職責。至和二年,里正被廢,鄉(xiāng)以戶長和鄉(xiāng)書手為頭目仍然發(fā)揮著行政組織的作用,直至熙豐變法時其行政職能才完全消失,但仍作為地域單位長期存在。管初設(shè)于開寶七年,終于熙寧八年,設(shè)有戶長,負責催征賦役,但這一制度并未在全國推廣。耆萌芽于后周,設(shè)有耆長和壯丁,主要負責維護治安。熙豐變法以后為第二階段。保甲法逐漸與差役法結(jié)合,使都保取代了原來的鄉(xiāng)和管而成為鄉(xiāng)村行政組織。都保制下,設(shè)有保正副、大小保長和承帖人,行使維護治安和催征賦役等多項職能。耆仍舊存在,但地位逐漸下降。宋代鄉(xiāng)村行政組織在發(fā)展過程中表現(xiàn)出地緣化、控制范圍縮小、職能日趨集中和職役化等特點。 宋代鄉(xiāng)村行政組織的職能非常廣泛,涵蓋了鄉(xiāng)村社會生活的多個方面。鄉(xiāng)村行政組織在兩稅收納、刑事訴訟和災(zāi)荒救助等鄉(xiāng)村事務(wù)實施的許多環(huán)節(jié)都發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用。鄉(xiāng)村行政組織是國家統(tǒng)治的“神經(jīng)末梢”,是聯(lián)系國家與鄉(xiāng)民的中介。鄉(xiāng)村行政組織的施政明顯側(cè)重于催征賦稅和維護治安,其參與社會公共事
[Abstract]:The rural administrative organization is established in the countryside by the country to realize the management of the rural society. It has the power and responsibility to manage the rural social administrative affairs and the public affairs, and has the certain personnel disposition administrative organization. There are no clear records on the setting of rural administrative organizations in the ancient literature, but a large number of narrations about the rural regionalization and its arrangement. Only by examining whether it is administrative division and judging whether it is a rural administrative organization can we have a clear understanding of the relationship between them and the administrative system of rural society in Song Dynasty. According to the two basic elements of rural administrative organization, it can be found that Li, village and community of Song Dynasty are not rural administrative organizations, but only exist as regional units or settlement names. Although the regiment has a certain staffing and is responsible for maintaining public order, it does not undertake the affairs assigned by the higher administrative organizations and is not included in the system of state administrative organizations. The evolution of rural administrative organizations in Song Dynasty is divided into two stages. Xifeng Reform was the first stage. This is a period in which the main duty is to promote taxation and to maintain public order. Township to be in charge, the head of the household, the village hand for the main head, with the duty to urge, repair edition book and advise the agricultural mulberry class and other responsibilities. To and two years, Li is being scrapped, the township with the head of the household and the villagers still play an administrative organization role, until the Xifeng reform of its administrative function completely disappeared, but still exist as a regional unit for a long time. Management was initially set up in Kaibao seven years, finally Xining eight years, with a head of household, responsible for the duty, but this system has not been popularized in the country. Astragalus sprouted in the latter week, with a long and strong, mainly responsible for the maintenance of public order. Xifeng reform was later the second stage. Baojia law gradually combined with the law of service, so that Dubao replaced the original township and management and became a rural administrative organization. Under the insurance system, it has many functions, such as safeguard and deputy, big and small, and consignor, to maintain public order and to urge people to perform duties and so on. The aged still exist, but their status is gradually declining. During the development of rural administrative organizations in the Song Dynasty, the rural administrative organizations showed the characteristics of geographical localization, narrow control scope, increasingly centralized functions and servitude, etc. The functions of the rural administrative organizations in the Song Dynasty were very extensive and covered many aspects of rural social life. Rural administrative organizations play an indispensable role in the implementation of rural affairs, such as tax collection, criminal proceedings and famine relief. The rural administrative organizations are the nerve endings of the state and the intermediary between the state and the villagers. The administration of rural administrative organizations is clearly focused on promoting taxation and maintaining public order, and their participation in public affairs
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K244

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 李可;;宗教力量在應(yīng)對唐宋民間糾紛中的作用[J];研究生法學;2007年04期

2 刁培俊;;宋朝的鄉(xiāng)役與鄉(xiāng)村“行政區(qū)劃”[J];南開學報(哲學社會科學版);2008年01期

3 張正印;;論宋代獄訟胥吏的地位[J];法治論叢(上海政法學院學報);2008年05期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前5條

1 鄭迎光;宋代地方社會治安問題初探[D];河北大學;2007年

2 戰(zhàn)秀梅;北宋士大夫地方教化研究[D];上海師范大學;2010年

3 陳德洋;金朝中原鄉(xiāng)村社會控制研究[D];吉林大學;2010年

4 楊瑞軍;北宋東京治安研究[D];首都師范大學;2012年

5 黃杰;比較歷史視野下的大國治理問題研究：以耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)與治理績效的關(guān)系為線索[D];復旦大學;2012年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 姚帥;宋代鄉(xiāng)村社會空間研究[D];暨南大學;2011年

2 甘美芳;宋朝的“吏強官弱”[D];云南大學;2010年

3 田翼;身份與宋季地方司法審判[D];暨南大學;2013年

，

本文編號：2004055