本文選題：相 + 相業(yè)　； 參考：《史學(xué)月刊》2015年07期

【摘要】：明初廢除相制以后,相臣、相國、相公等前代非正式的宰相稱謂廣泛存在于明人語境之中,明人關(guān)于相的文化體認(rèn)依然清晰。明人以理想之相所應(yīng)具備的相業(yè)、相體與相度等尺度品評本朝閣臣,功業(yè)與為相之道并重,徐階與張居正等人因之所獲評價不同�？傮w來看,明人在有相之歷史記憶與無相之現(xiàn)實環(huán)境之中形成了獨特的君相政治思維,之所以存在相之價值如何、閣臣是相與否等種種爭論,表明明人在廢相之后的無所適從。然而相臣可議,相制卻是不可觸碰的政治禁忌,明人在政治思維與實踐層面皆未能突破"閣臣類相"的桎梏,未能發(fā)明出徹底解決行政中樞權(quán)責(zé)游移的調(diào)適之道,閣臣終究難于自處,這是晚明政治困局的重要致因之一。
[Abstract]:After the abolition of the phase system in the early Ming Dynasty, the informal prime minister titles of the former generation, such as minister, state and minister, were widely used in the context of Yu Ming, and the cultural understanding of the phase was still clear. Ming people should have the ideal phase of the karma, phase and phase of the evaluation of this court officials, both merit and work for the same way, Xu Wei and Zhang Juzheng and other people received different evaluation. In general, the Ming people formed a unique political thinking in the historical memory of each other and in the realistic environment of no phase. The argument as to the value of the existence of each other and whether the ministers were the same or not showed that the Ming people were at a loss after the abolition of the phase. However, the system of justice is a political taboo that cannot be touched. In both political thinking and practice, the Ming people failed to break the shackles of the "courtiers", and failed to invent the proper way to thoroughly solve the problem of the transfer of power and responsibility in the administrative center. This is one of the important reasons for the late Ming Dynasty's political difficulties.
【作者單位】： 吉林大學(xué)文學(xué)院中國史系;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項資金資助項目“政治批評與明代政治文化研究”(2013ZZ036)
【分類號】：K248

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3 儲小e，

本文編號：2003036