本文關(guān)鍵詞：宋與遼夏金間的走私貿(mào)易，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

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中國古代史

貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟

走私貿(mào)易

     Western Capital Datong and Border Smuggling Trade in the Liao and Song Dynasty

     西京大同和遼宋邊境走私貿(mào)易

短句來源

     Maritime Smuggling Trade around the Southeast China Sea In the Sixteenth Century

     16世紀東南中國海上走私貿(mào)易探析

短句來源

     By virtue of super geographic position, Datong which was the weste rn capital in the Liao and Song Dynasty, became an important passage for border smuggling trade.

     西京大同和北宋河東地區(qū)接壤,是遼朝和中原進行聯(lián)系和交往的重要的橋頭堡。 由于受遼、宋王朝不同的對外貿(mào)易政策的影響,遼、宋間民間私人貿(mào)易即走私貿(mào)易盛行,其貿(mào)易額甚至超過榷場貿(mào)易。

短句來源

     At ancient times,smuggling trade has always beenexisting in the economical exchange aspect between two countries .

     古代兩個國家之間在經(jīng)濟交流方面一直存在著走私貿(mào)易這種形式。

短句來源

     Along with the development of maritime smuggling trade, Shuangyu Harbor became a Portuguese settlement of considerable scale.

     隨著走私貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,雙嶼形成了一個具有相當規(guī)模的葡萄牙人居留地。

短句來源

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     The Smuggling Trade between Song Dynasty and Liao Xia Jin Dynasty

     宋與遼夏金間的走私貿(mào)易

短句來源

     The smuggling trade ofancient Chinese could be divided into two kinds of situations: one hand,it happened betweenthe universal dynasties and the oversea countries ( Japan, North Korea and so on) ,the otherhand ,during disunited periods,among each political power within the boundaries of China,smuggling trade always occurred.

     中國古代的走私貿(mào)易可以分為兩種情況:一是大一統(tǒng)的王朝與海外(如日本、朝鮮等)諸國之間的走私貿(mào)易,二是分裂時期中國境內(nèi)各個政權(quán)之間的走私貿(mào)易。

短句來源

     Between Songand Liao, Song and Xia, Song and Jin,smuggling trade respectively has its characteristic:Smuggling trade had always been existing between Song and Liao, and could be dividedinto two stages by the treaty the Chanyuan,. In the first stage, because the establishment ofmonopolization was unstable, the smuggling trade had then acted as the main form ofeconomic exchange between Song and Liao.

     宋遼、宋夏、宋金之間的走私貿(mào)易各有其特點:宋遼之間始終存在著走私貿(mào)易,以澶淵之盟為界可以分為前后兩個階段,在第一階段,由于榷場的設(shè)置不穩(wěn)定,走私貿(mào)易便充當了宋遼經(jīng)濟交流的主要形式。

短句來源

     The paper analyzes the prosperity and the decline of the private trade at Shuan-yu, the organization of the Japanese bandit in east Zhejiang, and the smuggling trade' s influence on the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty.

     文章通過對雙嶼港海上私人貿(mào)易興衰的論述,就明中葉浙東沿海“倭寇”的組成,以及海上走私貿(mào)易對明海外政策的影響,作了簡約的分析。

短句來源

     The smuggling trade is an important economic phenomenon during the period of the Anti-Japanese War. It more or less affected the economy and the military of both sides.

     走私貿(mào)易是抗戰(zhàn)時期中國的一個重要經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象,它或多或少地影響到抗戰(zhàn)時期敵我雙方的經(jīng)濟和軍事實力。

短句來源

     The Harm to the Social Economic Development by Smuggled Trade in the Late Ming Dynasty

     晚明時期走私貿(mào)易對社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的危害——以廣州府為例

短句來源

     During the late Ming Dynasty,Guangzhou was one of the key ports for foreign trade,but also one of the areas where smuggled trade ran rampant.

     晚明時期的廣州是中國最主要的海外貿(mào)易港口,同時也是走私貿(mào)易最猖獗地區(qū)之一。

短句來源

     Because many government officials and local gentlemen in Guangzhou benefited from smuggled trade,it was impossible to stop smuggled trade instead of the efforts made by a few lower-middle officials like Yan Jun-yan.

     由于,當時廣州官紳大多與走私貿(mào)易有著共同利益關(guān)系,所以,盡管曾經(jīng)有顏俊彥這樣的個別中下級官員的努力緝私,卻是無法從根本上制止廣州地區(qū)的走私活動。

短句來源

     Studying on Legal Trade and Smuggling between Song and Jin Dynasty

     宋金榷場貿(mào)易與走私貿(mào)易研究

短句來源

     On the Tributary Trade between China and Korea in the Earlier Stage of Ming Dynasty

     論明代中前期中朝使臣的走私貿(mào)易

短句來源

     First of all, this thesis explains smuggling theoretically.

     本文首先從理論的角度對于走私貿(mào)易進行了說明。

短句來源

     Smuggling brings great harm to a society. But through the analysis of government's activities and policy-making procedures, we can also conclude that smuggling, to certain extent, can improve social welfare.

     走私貿(mào)易給社會帶來的危害是巨大的，但是本文通過對政府行為和經(jīng)濟政策制定過程的分析，試圖說明走私貿(mào)易是對政府錯誤貿(mào)易政策的一種糾偏，對社會福利的損害并沒有像多數(shù)學者所認為的那樣巨大。

短句來源

     ，，legal trade and smuggling both ended with the ending of Jin Dynasty.

     榷場貿(mào)易和走私貿(mào)易都隨著金朝的滅亡而最終消亡。

短句來源

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The Shuangyu Island was made by Portugeses an influentlal base for internahonal smuggling trade.With an examination of relatcd literature, this article proves that Portuguese began trading on the Island between 1522 and 1527, or probably, in 1526.

浙江寧波的雙嶼港是葡人在進占澳門前所建立的影響很大的國際走私貿(mào)易基地。文章在發(fā)掘、梳理、研析文獻資料的基礎(chǔ)上，考定葡萄牙海商私市雙嶼應(yīng)始于明嘉靖初年，即1522到1527年間，其中最有可能為1526年．

The overseas trade of Chaozhou can be traced far back, but the ports in Chaozhou had never been acknowledged as legal and formal ports for overseas trade by the governments from the Tang Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. The smuggle trade between Chaozhou and the overseas countries can be divided into illegal trade and illegal trade of contraband goods when classified by contents, or into illegal overseas trade and illegal local trade if by localities. The far back engagement in smuggle trade further encouraged...

The overseas trade of Chaozhou can be traced far back, but the ports in Chaozhou had never been acknowledged as legal and formal ports for overseas trade by the governments from the Tang Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. The smuggle trade between Chaozhou and the overseas countries can be divided into illegal trade and illegal trade of contraband goods when classified by contents, or into illegal overseas trade and illegal local trade if by localities. The far back engagement in smuggle trade further encouraged the harmful practices in Chaozhou that despised the authorities and regarded illegal trade as a shortcut to prosperity. Such practices have arguably remained, to some extent, in Chaozhou so far.

潮州與海外諸國的貿(mào)易往來很早就有,但在唐至清初這一時段里,潮州諸港從未成為官府承認的、合法的、正式的對外貿(mào)易港口。潮州通番走私貿(mào)易從內(nèi)容上看,有非法地從事貿(mào)易與非法地從事違禁物品貿(mào)易之分;從形式上看又有下海通番與坐地通番之別。長期從事違禁貿(mào)易進一步助長了潮州人蔑視官府,視違禁為快速致富之路的不良風氣,此種風氣可以說是于今余緒猶存。

This article focuses on the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. As far as the offices of ultramarine trade are concerned, they originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, accomplished in the Yuan Dynasty, and declined in the Ming Dynasty. With the general tendency of the overseas communication as the background, the author elaborates on the process how the traditional system of ultramarine trade was destroyed and gives an account of the basic situation...

This article focuses on the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. As far as the offices of ultramarine trade are concerned, they originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, accomplished in the Yuan Dynasty, and declined in the Ming Dynasty. With the general tendency of the overseas communication as the background, the author elaborates on the process how the traditional system of ultramarine trade was destroyed and gives an account of the basic situation of offices of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the author reveals the historical role that the managements of ultramarine trade played in China's overseas trade and points out that the transformation of the managements of ultramarine trade in the Ming Dynasty makes a good preparation for the establishment of the Customs in the Qing Dynasty.

興于唐、發(fā)展于宋、完善于元的海外貿(mào)易管理制度——市舶制度,為明王朝所繼承。然而,明代市舶司在機構(gòu)設(shè)置、職能發(fā)揮、選官制度等方面較之前代均有明顯的變化。隨著朝貢貿(mào)易的衰落和私人海外貿(mào)易的興盛,市舶司的政治性職能逐漸減弱,經(jīng)濟性職能日益增強;其管理海外貿(mào)易的方式相應(yīng)地由官方貿(mào)易為主體演變?yōu)橐悦耖g貿(mào)易為主體。明代中葉以后,不僅私人海外貿(mào)易勢力直接沖擊著明代的市舶制度,西方殖民者的東來,亦直接瓦解著市舶制度所維系的朝貢貿(mào)易體系。面對著東南海防與財政危機,迫使明政府不得不調(diào)整其海外貿(mào)易政策,而主持海外貿(mào)易的市舶司機構(gòu),也不得不改弦易轍,在職能方面有所轉(zhuǎn)換。明代后期將打擊走私貿(mào)易的防海機構(gòu)——海防館改為督餉館,督餉館的設(shè)立對我國海外貿(mào)易管理機構(gòu)由市舶司向海關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)變,起到了承上啟下的過渡作用。

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：宋與遼夏金間的走私貿(mào)易，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。